Aiming at the shortcomings of single-band biological compound eye, such as small aperture, short line-of-sight and narrow receiving spectrum, a bionic compound eye optical system with large aperture for receiving visible light and medium-wave infrared was designed. In view of the large volume of the integrated optical path, the common optical path structure was selected for the sub-eye system. Based on the conjugate relation between object and image of entrance window and exit window, the geometric model of sub-eye system mosaic was established. By designing relay image transfer system, the curved image formed by sub-eye array was converted into planar image, which solved the problem of planar detector receiving curved image. The whole compound eye consists of 37 sub-eyes, with a focal length of 30 mm, a field of view of 20°, an entrance pupil of 10 mm, an included angle between the axes of adjacent sub-eyes of 16°, and a combined field of view of 116°. Compared with microlens array compound eye system, this curved bionic compound eye system has longer detection distance and more complete target information. The imaging quality of sub-eye system and receiving system is good, and there is no thermal difference in the temperature range of -40-+60 ℃.