Land desertification can cause significant economic losses. The point cloud data obtained by airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology is of great significance in monitoring the deformation of sand dunes and studying its laws. The acquired two-period airborne LiDAR data from desert area are processed to generate digital elevation model (DEM) and slope maps, and the combination of geographic object-based and pixel-based change detection methods is used to accurately monitor the deformation of dune and its movement. The toe lines of dunes extracted from multi-temporal slope maps provide horizontal deformation of dunes. Difference analysis of two-period DEM can be used to analyze vertical movement of dunes. The interpolate lines analysis combined with the dominant wind direction can quantify the topographic deformation and movement laws of dunes. The analysis results show that there is an overall settlement in the whole study area, which is the movement of sand material. The deformation law of dunes is highly related to the main wind direction. The stoss slope of dune is mainly subsidence, and the leeward slope of dune is prone to slip-off, so settlement occurs at the top and sand material deposition occurs at the bottom.