There is a absorption peak of water molecular and a transmission window of atmosphere in the 2 μm spectral range, which has important application in space communication, remote sensing detection, environmental monitoring, laser guidance, infrared countermeasure, surgical operation and so on. With the development of Tm-doped and Tm, Ho co-doped laser host materials and mode-locked technologies, ultrashort pulse all solid state oscillator at 2 μm has become one of the research hotspots of laser technology in recent years. In this paper, the Tm-doped laser host materials and the mode-locked technologies in the 2 μm spectral range were systematically analyzed, the latest development of ultrashort pulse all-solid-state Tm-doped oscillators at home and abroad was summarized, and the representative experiments were analyzed and introduced. Finally its development prospect was summaried.