Author Affiliations
1School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130022, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Principle of directional retro-reflection of glass micro-bead
Fig. 2. Refracting path of paraxial light in glass micro-bead
Fig. 3. Cross section of open-type retro-reflector with glass micro-bead
Fig. 4. Simulation model of structural unit of glass micro-bead
Fig. 5. Reflecting illuminance of glass micro-bead with refractive index of 2.00 on ordinary substrate. (a) Incident angle of 0°; (b) incident angle of 15°
Fig. 6. Refracting illuminance of glass micro-bead with refractive index of 2.00 on high-reflectivity substrate. (a) Incident angle of 0°; (b) incident angle of 30°
Fig. 7. Position of retro-reflective spot as a function of incident angle
Fig. 8. Comparison between spectral reflectivities of single-layer aluminum film and aluminum+dielectric films
Fig. 9. Theoretically designed curve of reflectivity
Fig. 10. Comparison between theoretically designed and tested curves of reflectivity
Fig. 11. Firmness testing result
Fig. 12. Reflections of sample of high-reflectivity substrate illuminated by incandescent lamp
Fig. 13. Scanning electron microscope image of samples of glass micro-beads
n | R |
---|
1.93 | 0.101 | 2.00 | 0.111 | 2.20 | 0.141 |
|
Table 1. Surface reflectivity of glass micro-beads with different refractive indexes
n | Theoretical retro-reflectivity /% |
---|
0° | 5° | 30° |
---|
1.93 | 17.6 | 7.49 | 7.49 | 2.00 | 19.1 | 8.05 | 8.05 | 2.20 | 23.6 | 9.55 | 5.48 |
|
Table 2. Theoretical retro-reflectivity of glass micro-beads with different refractive indices on ordinary substrate at different incident angles (wavelength is 808 nm)
n | Theoretical retro-reflectivity /% |
---|
0° | 5° | 30° | 45° |
---|
1.93 | 98.10 | 88.01 | 80.01 | 65.50 | 2.00 | 97.90 | 78.20 | 78.20 | 58.20 | 2.20 | 97.30 | 73.10 | 73.10 | 42.70 |
|
Table 3. Theoretical retro-reflectivity of glass micro-beads with different refractive indices on high-reflectivity substrate at different incident angles (wavelength is 808 nm)
Parameter | Specification |
---|
Substrate | Al | Wavelength /nm | 808 | Reflectance /% | ≥99 |
|
Table 4. Technical parameters of high-reflectivity substrate
Material | Substrate temperature /℃ | Degree of vacuum /Pa | Evaporation rate /(nm·s-1) | Flow rate of O2 /(mL·min-1) |
---|
Al | Unbaked | 1.0×10-3 | 2.3 | 0 | Ti3O5 | 250 | 1.5×10-2 | 0.3 | 22 | SiO2 | 250 | 1.0×10-2 | 0.7 | 20 |
|
Table 5. Parameters of evaporation process for AL, Ti3O5, and SiO2
n | Measured retro-reflectivity /% |
---|
0° | 5° | 30° |
---|
1.93 | 12.8 | 6.7 | 0 | 2.00 | 10.6 | 4.4 | 0 | 2.20 | 9.3 | 3.7 | 0 |
|
Table 6. Actually measured retro-reflectivity of glass micro-beads with different refractive indices on ordinary substrate at different incident angles (wavelength is 808 nm)
n | Measured retro-reflectivity /% |
---|
0° | 5° | 30° | 45° |
---|
1.93 | 46.2 | 40.1 | 25.5 | 11.7 | 2.0 | 43.8 | 36.8 | 16.5 | 4.5 | 2.2 | 37.8 | 19.2 | 7.3 | 0 |
|
Table 7. Actual measured retro-reflectivity of glass micro-beads with different refractive indices on high-reflectivity substrate at different incident angles (wavelength is 808 nm)