• Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
  • Vol. 57, Issue 24, 241011 (2020)
Zebin Su*, Min Gao, Pengfei Li, Junfeng Jing, and Huanhuan Zhang
Author Affiliations
  • College of Electrics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/LOP57.241011 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Zebin Su, Min Gao, Pengfei Li, Junfeng Jing, Huanhuan Zhang. Digital Printing Defect Classification Algorithm Based on Convolutional Neural Network[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2020, 57(24): 241011 Copy Citation Text show less
    Examples of digital printing defects. (a) PASS tracks; (b) uneven inkjet; (c) ink leakage; (d) fabric wrinkles
    Fig. 1. Examples of digital printing defects. (a) PASS tracks; (b) uneven inkjet; (c) ink leakage; (d) fabric wrinkles
    RGB color space histogram equalization processing results. (a) PASS tracks; (b) uneven inkjet; (c) ink leakage; (d) fabric wrinkles
    Fig. 2. RGB color space histogram equalization processing results. (a) PASS tracks; (b) uneven inkjet; (c) ink leakage; (d) fabric wrinkles
    Gaussian filtering processing results. (a) PASS tracks; (b) uneven inkjet; (c) ink leakage; (d) fabric wrinkles
    Fig. 3. Gaussian filtering processing results. (a) PASS tracks; (b) uneven inkjet; (c) ink leakage; (d) fabric wrinkles
    Adjustment results of image resolution based on local mean algorithm. (a) Before resolution adjustment; (b) after resolution adjustment
    Fig. 4. Adjustment results of image resolution based on local mean algorithm. (a) Before resolution adjustment; (b) after resolution adjustment
    Image data enhancement results. (a) Original image; (b) flip vertically; (c) horizontal mirroring; (d) rotate 90°; (e) rotate 180°; (f) rotate 270°
    Fig. 5. Image data enhancement results. (a) Original image; (b) flip vertically; (c) horizontal mirroring; (d) rotate 90°; (e) rotate 180°; (f) rotate 270°
    Flow chart of classification algorithm
    Fig. 6. Flow chart of classification algorithm
    Topological structure of convolutional neural network
    Fig. 7. Topological structure of convolutional neural network
    Samples of digital printing defect data set. (a)--(d) PASS tracks; (e)--(h) uneven inkjet; (i)--(l) ink leakage; (m)--(p) fabric wrinkles
    Fig. 8. Samples of digital printing defect data set. (a)--(d) PASS tracks; (e)--(h) uneven inkjet; (i)--(l) ink leakage; (m)--(p) fabric wrinkles
    Total loss rate curve
    Fig. 9. Total loss rate curve
    Kappa coefficient value predicted by different CNN models
    Fig. 10. Kappa coefficient value predicted by different CNN models
    Type of defectCause of formationAppearance shapeProbability of occurrence
    PASS tracksNozzle clogging,motor step deviationNarrow linearHigh
    Uneven inkjetUneven inkjet output debuggingFlatLow
    Ink leakageInkjet pressure instabilityDottedMedium
    Fabric wrinklesUneven cloth pressStripLow
    Table 1. Comparison of defect features in digital printing
    Objective functionAccuracy/%
    Softmax cross entropy98.14
    Classification cross entropy96.42
    Binary cross entropy81.29
    Mean square loss88.02
    Hinge loss74.92
    ROC AUC score77.33
    Table 2. Classification accuracy corresponding to different objective functions
    OptimizationAccuracy/%
    Adaptive moment estimation98.21
    Stochastic gradient descent74.84
    Root mean square propagation65.38
    Momentum gradient descent92.73
    Adaptive sub-gradient method81.67
    Table 3. Classification accuracy corresponding to different optimization algorithms
    DefectclassificationPerformance /%Averageaccuracy /%Standarddeviation
    12345678910
    Validation set98.1798.5396.3395.0098.3396.1795.6198.4195.2796.1896.800.0133
    Test setPASS tracks9294899585938690889190.300.0316
    Uneven inkjet9498979691899292939093.200.0286
    Ink leakage981009397949510098969796.800.0223
    Fabric wrinkles10093969598969794959495.800.0199
    Table 4. Performance index of each defect classification
    CNN modelLeNet5AlexNetVGG16GoogLeNetProposed
    Training/min769211413665
    Testing/ms156415312410
    Table 5. Training and testing time of different CNN models
    Zebin Su, Min Gao, Pengfei Li, Junfeng Jing, Huanhuan Zhang. Digital Printing Defect Classification Algorithm Based on Convolutional Neural Network[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2020, 57(24): 241011
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