• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 11, Issue 10, 1757 (2023)
Peng Bao1, Qixiang Cheng1,*, Jinlong Wei2,3, Giuseppe Talli2..., Maxim Kuschnerov2 and Richard V. Penty1|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1Centre for Photonic Systems, Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
  • 2Huawei Technologies Duesseldolf GmbH, European Research Center, 80992 Munich, Gemany
  • 3Current address: Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
  • show less
    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.492807 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Peng Bao, Qixiang Cheng, Jinlong Wei, Giuseppe Talli, Maxim Kuschnerov, Richard V. Penty, "Harnessing self-heating effect for ultralow-crosstalk electro-optic Mach–Zehnder switches," Photonics Res. 11, 1757 (2023) Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    This paper presents a novel approach to counterbalance free-carrier-absorption (FCA) in electro-optic (E-O) Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) cells by harnessing the self-heating effect. We show insights on crosstalk limitations in MZIs with direct carrier-injection and provide a detailed design methodology on a differential phase shifter pair. Leveraging both free-carrier dispersion (FCD) and self-heating effects, our design enables arbitrary phase tuning with balanced FCA loss in the pair of arms, eliminating the need for additional phase corrections and creating ultralow crosstalk MZI elements. This neat design disengages from the commonly used nested structure, thus providing an opportunity of embedding tunable couplers for correcting imperfect splitting ratios given that only two are needed. We show that with the use of tunable directional couplers, a standard ±10nm process variation is tolerated, while achieving a crosstalk ratio below -40dB. By direct carrier injection in both arms, the proposed device operates at nanosecond scales and can bring about a breakthrough in the scalability of E-O switch fabrics, as well as other silicon integrated circuits that have stringent requirements for crosstalk leakage.
    [Eo1Eo2]=[tRkRejπ2kRejπ2tR][α1ejϕ100α2ejϕ2][tLkLejπ2kLejπ2tL][Ei1Ei2],

    View in Article

    Po1=|Eo1|2=tL2tR2α12+kL2kR2α222tLkLtRkRα1α2cos(ϕ1ϕ2),

    View in Article

    Po2=|Eo2|2=tL2kR2α12+kL2tR2α22+2tLkLtRkRα1α2cos(ϕ1ϕ2).

    View in Article

    CT(cross)=Po1Po2=|Eo1|2|Eo2|2=tL2tR2α12+kL2kR2α222tLkLtRkRα1α2tL2kR2α12+kL2tR2α22+2tLkLtRkRα1α2.

    View in Article

    CT(bar)=Po2Po1=|Eo2|2|Eo1|2=tL2kR2α12+kL2tR2α222tLkLtRkRα1α2tL2tR2α12+kL2kR2α22+2tLkLtRkRα1α2.

    View in Article

    Δα(λ)=a(λ)ΔNeb(λ)+c(λ)ΔNhd(λ),

    View in Article

    Δn(λ)=p(λ)ΔNeq(λ)+r(λ)ΔNhs(λ),

    View in Article

    Q=Qn+Qp+QR,

    View in Article

    Qn,p=Jn,p·En,p,

    View in Article

    QR=q(Eg+3kT)R,

    View in Article

    Δϕ=2πλΔneffΓL,

    View in Article

    ΔT(t)=ΔTsteady(1etτ),

    View in Article

    ΔTsteady=PGA,

    View in Article

    τ=HGA,

    View in Article

    Ccurved=[tej(π2+Δφ)kejπ2kejπ2tej(π2+Δφ)],

    View in Article

    Tij=(Mtij·ei)j,

    View in Article

    Xij=(Mtij·(1ei))j,

    View in Article

    δ=10log(12ϵ).

    View in Article

    Peng Bao, Qixiang Cheng, Jinlong Wei, Giuseppe Talli, Maxim Kuschnerov, Richard V. Penty, "Harnessing self-heating effect for ultralow-crosstalk electro-optic Mach–Zehnder switches," Photonics Res. 11, 1757 (2023)
    Download Citation