Ultra-large Specific Surface Area Activated Carbon Synthesized from Rice Husk with High Adsorption Capacity for Methylene Blue

Fan ZHOU; Hui BI; Fuqiang HUANG

doi:10.15541/jim20200632

Journals >Journal of Inorganic Materials >Volume 36 >Issue 8 >Page 893 > Article

Journal of Inorganic Materials
Vol. 36, Issue 8, 893 (2020)

Ultra-large Specific Surface Area Activated Carbon Synthesized from Rice Husk with High Adsorption Capacity for Methylene Blue

Fan ZHOU^1、2, Hui BI¹, and Fuqiang HUANG^{1、2、3、*}

Author Affiliations

¹1. State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China

²2. School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China

³3. State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

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DOI: 10.15541/jim20200632 Cite this Article

Fan ZHOU, Hui BI, Fuqiang HUANG. Ultra-large Specific Surface Area Activated Carbon Synthesized from Rice Husk with High Adsorption Capacity for Methylene Blue[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 36(8): 893 Copy Citation Text

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1. SEM images of (a) raw RHs, (b) RHBC, (c) YP-80, (d) RHAC600, (e) RHAC700, (d) RHAC800; SEM (g), and TEM (h) images of RHAC900

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(a) XRD patterns, (b) Raman spectra, (c) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and (d) pore size distribution curves of RHBC, RHACs and YP-80

2. (a) XRD patterns, (b) Raman spectra, (c) N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms and (d) pore size distribution curves of RHBC, RHACs and YP-80

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3. Effects of contact time and mass of adsorbent on the adsorption capacity

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4. Linear fits of the pseudo-second-order models for the adsorption of MB on (a) YP-80, (b) RHAC600, (c) RHAC700, (d) RHAC800, (e) RHAC900, and (f) corresponding correlation coefficients

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S1. XRD patterns of the product calcined from RHs and RHBC

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S2. (a) XRD patterns of dried RHBC mixture impregnated with two different concentrations of KOH solution; (b) Nitrogen adsorption desorption curves of two RHAC with different concentrations of KOH solution

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S3. Linear fits of the pseudo-first-order models for five carbons: (a) YP-80, (b) RHAC600,(c) RHAC700, (d) RHAC800, (e) RHAC900 and (f) correlation coefficients

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S4. Photos of RH, RHBC, RHAC600, RHAC700, RHAC800 and RHAC900 before and after calcination

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S5. FT-IR spectra of RHAC before and after MB adsorption

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Biomass	Activator	Pore volume/(cm³•g^-1)	SSA_BET/(m²•g^-1)	q_m/(mg•g^-1)
Tobacco stalks^[1]	ZnCl₂+Microwave	0.45	684.68	123.45
Dipterocarpus alatus^[2]	ZnCl₂/500 ℃	0.473	843	269.3
Sugar beet pulp^[3]	H₃PO₄/450 ℃	0.445	1029.3	250.0
Palm kernel shell^[4]	ZnCl₂/550 ℃	0.571	1058	225.3
Rice by-products^[5]	H₃PO₄/450 ℃	0.612/0.607	814/1000	246.9/213.7
Viscose fibers^[6]	Steam/900 ℃	0.54/0.76	1284/1614	256.1/325.8
Cotton^[7]	H₃PO₄+Microwave	0.98	1370	476.2
Cashew nut shell^[8]	ZnCl₂/400 ℃	0.973	1478	476
Arundo donax^[9]	ZnCl₂/400 ℃	1.113	1784	416.7
Sawdust^[10]	KOH/1000 ℃	1.27	2254	303.03
Bamboo shoots^[11]	KHCO₃/700 ℃/800 ℃	0.73/1.25	1476/2271	458
Bagasse/Cluster stalks^[12]	KOH/1300 ℃	0.82/1.4	1861/2662	714.3/925.9
This work	KOH/800 ℃/900 ℃	1.829/3.164	3366/3600	919/983

Table 1.

Comparison of activator, SSA_BET, total pore volume and q_m (the maximum adsorption of MB) between RHACs and other AC prepared from biomass

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Carbon	YP-80	RHAC600	RHAC700	RHAC800	RHAC900
I_D: I_G	0.997	0.992	1.017	1.025	1.020
SSA_BET/(m²•g^-1)	1310	2380	3173	3366	3600
Pore volume_total/(cm³•g^-1)	0.816	1.352	1.733	1.829	3.164
Micropore volume/(cm³•g^-1)	0.516	0.393	0.429	0.606	0.537
Adsorption limit/(mg•g^-1)	525	851	935	919	983

Table 1.

The ratio of I_D to I_G, SSA_BET, pore volumes_total, micropore volumes and adsorption limits of RHACs and YP-80

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Sample	q_e(exp)/(mg•g^-1)	q₁(cal)/(mg•g^-1)		k₁/min^-1
YP-80	525	19.8	96.23	0.0192
RHAC600	851	438.8	48.44	0.0614
RHAC700	935	85.9	90.81	0.0231
RHAC800	919	259	71.82	0.0433
RHAC900	983	89	90.95	0.0347

Table 2.

Kinetic parameters obtained by the pseudo-first-order model for RHACs and YP-80 for the adsorption of MB

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Sample	q_e (exp)/ (mg•g^-1)	q₂(cal)/ (mg•g^-1)	Percentual difference (q_e-q₂)/%	k₂/(g•mg^-1•min^-1)
YP-80	525	526.3	-0.25	0.0090
RHAC600	851	833.3	2.08	0.0006
RHAC700	935	833.3	10.88	0.0018
RHAC800	919	909.1	1.08	0.0007
RHAC900	983	1000	-1.73	0.0025

Table 2.

Kinetic parameters obtained of RHACs and YP-80 by the pseudo-second-order model for the adsorption of MB

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	RHBC	RHAC600	RHAC700	RHAC800	RHAC900
C	19.48	95.18	97.21	94.16	95.63
O	35.59	4.82	2.79	3.15	2.28
Si	40.73	0	0	0	0
Ca	0.1	0	0	0	0

Table 3.

Element analysis of RHBC, RHAC600, RHAC700, RHAC800 and RHAC900 by EDS/wt%

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	RH	RHBC	RHAC600	RHAC700	RHAC800	RHAC900
Before/mg	2502.0	1002.4	148.1	76.3	88.7	53.9
After/mg	375.0	330.0	0	0	0	0
Ash content/%	14.99	32.92	—	—	—	—

Table 4.

Mass and ash content of RH, RHBC, RHAC600, RHAC700, RHAC800 and RHAC900 before and after calcination

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