Near/mid-infrared (NIR/Mid-IR) lasers and supercontinuum light sources have very important applications in the fields of infrared optoelectronic countermeasure, biomedical technology, telemetry sensing, and light laser detection and ranging (LIDAR), etc. In recent years, researches on the generation and transmission of high-brightness NIR/Mid-IR (especially 2~5 μm) laser based on soft glass fibers have made remarkable progress. Among the soft glass systems, tellurite glass having relative lower phonon energy is particularly attractive for the design of NIR/Mid-IR lasers and amplifiers, as well as passive optical fibers for high-power Mid-IR laser transmission and sensing applications. In this paper, the key preparation technologies of low loss tellurite glass were summarized, and the research progress of Mid-IR luminescence of rare earth doped tellurite glass and optical fibers was reviewed. Finally, the existing problems and development trend of tellurite glass and fibers were summarized and prospected.