Journals >Optoelectronics Letters
Contents
2016
Volume: 12 Issue 5
19 Article(s)
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Research Article
Design and optimization of BCCD in CMOS technology
Jing GAO, Yi LI, Zhi-yuan GAO, and Tao LUO
This paper optimizes the buried channel charge-coupled device (BCCD) structure fabricated by complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The optimized BCCD has advantages of low noise, high integration and high image quality. The charge transfer process shows that interface traps, weak fringing fields anThis paper optimizes the buried channel charge-coupled device (BCCD) structure fabricated by complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The optimized BCCD has advantages of low noise, high integration and high image quality. The charge transfer process shows that interface traps, weak fringing fields and potential well between adjacent gates all cause the decrease of charge transfer efficiency (CTE). CTE and well capacity are simulated with different operating voltages and gap sizes. CTE can achieve 99.999% and the well capacity reaches up to 25 000 electrons for the gap size of 130 nm and the maximum operating voltage of 3 V..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 321 (2016)
A microwave photonic filter based on multi-wavelength fiber laser and infinite impulse response
Dong XU, Ye CAO, Ai-hong ZHAO, and Zheng-rong TONG
A microwave photonic filter (MPF) based on multi-wavelength fiber laser and infinite impulse response (IIR) is proposed. The filter uses a multi-wavelength fiber laser as the light source, two sections of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) and three polarization controllers (PCs) as the laser frequency selection deviA microwave photonic filter (MPF) based on multi-wavelength fiber laser and infinite impulse response (IIR) is proposed. The filter uses a multi-wavelength fiber laser as the light source, two sections of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) and three polarization controllers (PCs) as the laser frequency selection device. By adjusting the PC to change the effective length of the PMF, the laser can obtain three wavelength spacings, which are 0.44 nm, 0.78 nm and 1.08 nm, respectively. And the corresponding free spectral ranges (FSRs) are 8.46 GHz, 4.66 GHz and 3.44 GHz, respectively. Thus changing the wavelength spacing of the laser can make the FSR variable. An IIR filter is introduced based on a finite impulse response (FIR) filter. Then the 3-dB bandwidth of the MPF is reduced, and the main side-lobe suppression ratio (MSSR) is increased. By adjusting the gain of the radio frequency (RF) signal amplifier, the frequency response of the filter can be enhanced..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 325 (2016)
Surface morphology of refractive-index waveguide gratings fabricated in polymer films
Yi DONG, Yan-fang SONG, Lei MA, and Fang-fang GAO
The characteristic modifications are reported on the surface of polymeric waveguide film in the process of volume- grating fabrication. The light from a mode-locked 76 MHz femtosecond laser with pulse duration of 200 fs and wavelength of 800 nm is focused normal to the surface of the sample. The surface morphology modiThe characteristic modifications are reported on the surface of polymeric waveguide film in the process of volume- grating fabrication. The light from a mode-locked 76 MHz femtosecond laser with pulse duration of 200 fs and wavelength of 800 nm is focused normal to the surface of the sample. The surface morphology modifications are ascribed to a fact that surface swelling occurs during the process. Periodic micro-structure is inscribed with increasing incident power. The laser-induced swelling threshold on the grating, which is higher than that of two-photon initiated photo-polymerization (TPIP) (8 mW), is verified to be about 20 mW. It is feasible to enhance the surface smoothness of integrated optics devices for further encapsulation. The variation of modulation depth is studied for different values of incident power and scan spacing. Ablation accompanied with surface swelling appears when the power is higher. By optimizing the laser carving parameters, highly efficient grating devices can be fabricated..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 329 (2016)
Design and performance test of a two-axis fast steering mirror driven by piezoelectric actuators
Chu FANG, Jin GUO, Guo-qing YANG, Zhen-hua JIANG, Xin-hang XU, and Ting-feng WANG
A novel design of a two-axis fast steering mirror (FSM) with piezoelectric actuators is proposed for incoherent laser beam combination. The mechanical performance of the FSM is tested. The results show that the tilting range of the mirror is about 4 mrad, and the 1st-order resonance frequency is about 250 Hz. A self-deA novel design of a two-axis fast steering mirror (FSM) with piezoelectric actuators is proposed for incoherent laser beam combination. The mechanical performance of the FSM is tested. The results show that the tilting range of the mirror is about 4 mrad, and the 1st-order resonance frequency is about 250 Hz. A self-designed grating encoder is taken as the sensor, which ensures the optimal precision of 10 μrad. The novel mechanical design can meet the requirement of engineering in incoherent laser beam combination..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 333 (2016)
Determination of bandgaps of photoactive materials in perovskite solar cells at high temperatures by in-situ temperature-dependent resistance measurement
Hao ZHU, Zu-bin ZHAO, Huan-qi CAO, Hao YU, Jin-zhao LI, Xiao-min CHEN, Su-juan DONG, Li-ying YANG, and Shou-gen YIN
Normally, it is difficult to directly measure the bandgaps of perovskite based on methylammonium (MA) or formamidinium (FA) at high temperatures due to material decomposition. We prevent the decomposition by keeping the synthesized perovskite films (MAPbI3and MAPbI3) in organic iodide vapors, then measure the in-situ rNormally, it is difficult to directly measure the bandgaps of perovskite based on methylammonium (MA) or formamidinium (FA) at high temperatures due to material decomposition. We prevent the decomposition by keeping the synthesized perovskite films (MAPbI3and MAPbI3) in organic iodide vapors, then measure the in-situ resistance of the films at varied temperatures, and further evaluate the bandgaps of these two materials. The evaluated bandgaps are consistent with the results from ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrum. The bandgap of MAPbI3decreases with temperature above 95 °C, whereas that of FAPbI3 first increases with temperature from 95 °C to 107 °C and then decreases with temperature above 107 °C..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 337 (2016)
Enhancement of 2.0 μm fluorescence emission in new Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+tri-doped tellurite glasses
Pan CHENG, Feng-jing YANG, Zi-zhong ZHOU, Bo HUANG, Li-bo WU, and Ya-xun ZHOU
For enhancing the 2.0 μm band fluorescence of Ho3+, a certain amount of WO3oxide was introduced into Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+tri-doped tellurite glass prepared using melt-quenching technique. The prepared tri-doped tellurite glass was characterized by the absorption spectra, fluorescence emission and Raman scattering spectra, toFor enhancing the 2.0 μm band fluorescence of Ho3+, a certain amount of WO3oxide was introduced into Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+tri-doped tellurite glass prepared using melt-quenching technique. The prepared tri-doped tellurite glass was characterized by the absorption spectra, fluorescence emission and Raman scattering spectra, together with the stimulated absorption, emission cross-sections and gain coefficient. The research results show that the introduction of WO3oxide can further improve the 2.0 μm band fluorescence emission through the enhanced phonon-assisted energy transfers between Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+ions under the excitation of 980 nm laser diode (LD). Meanwhile, the maximum gain coefficient of Ho3+at 2.0 μm band reaches about 2.36 cm-1. An intense 2.0 μm fluorescence emission can be realized ..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 340 (2016)
Research on residual stress inside Fe-Mn-Si shape memoryalloy coating by laser cladding processing
Heng JU, Cheng-xin LIN, Jia-qi ZHANG, and Zhi-jie LIU
The stainless Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy (SMA) coating was prepared on the surface of AISI 304 stainless steel. The principal residual stress measured by the mechanical hole-drilling method indicates that the Fe-Mn-Si SMA cladding specimen possesses a lower residual stress compared with the 304 stainless steel claddinThe stainless Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy (SMA) coating was prepared on the surface of AISI 304 stainless steel. The principal residual stress measured by the mechanical hole-drilling method indicates that the Fe-Mn-Si SMA cladding specimen possesses a lower residual stress compared with the 304 stainless steel cladding specimen. The mean stress values of the former and the latter on 10-mm-thick substrate are 4.751 MPa and 7.399 MPa, respectively. What’s more, their deformation values on 2-mm-thick substrate are about 0° and 15°, respectively. Meanwhile, the variation trend and the value of the residual stress simulated by the ANSYS finite element software consist with experimental results. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows ε-martensite exists in Fe-Mn-Si SMA coating, which verifies the mechanism of low residual stress. That’s the γ→ε martensite phase transformation, which relaxes the residual stress of the specimen and reduces its deformation in the laser cladding processing..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 344 (2016)
Construction method of QC-LDPC codes based on multiplicative group of finite field in optical communication
Sheng HUANG, Xiang AO, Yuan-yuan LI, and Rui ZHANG
In order to meet the needs of high-speed development of optical communication system, a construction method of quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes based on multiplicative group of finite field is proposed. The Tanner graph of parity check matrix of the code constructed by this method has no cycle of lIn order to meet the needs of high-speed development of optical communication system, a construction method of quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes based on multiplicative group of finite field is proposed. The Tanner graph of parity check matrix of the code constructed by this method has no cycle of length 4, and it can make sure that the obtained code can get a good distance property. Simulation results show that when the bit error rate (BER) is 10-6, in the same simulation environment, the net coding gain (NCG) of the proposed QC-LDPC(3 780, 3 540) code with the code rate of 93.7% in this paper is improved by 2.18 dB and 1.6 dB respectively compared with those of the RS(255, 239) code in ITU-T G.975 and the LDPC(3 2640, 3 0592) code in ITU-T G.975.1. In addition, the NCG of the proposed QC-LDPC(3 780, 3 540) code is respectively 0.2 dB and 0.4 dB higher compared with those of the SG-QC-LDPC(3 780, 3 540) code based on the two different subgroups in finite field and the AS-QC-LDPC(3 780, 3 540) code based on the two arbitrary sets of a finite field. Thus, the proposed QC-LDPC(3 780, 3 540) code in this paper can be well applied in optical communication systems..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 349 (2016)
A code-aided carrier synchronization algorithm based on improved nonbinary low-density parity-check codes
Cheng-lin BAI, and Zhi-hui CHENG
?Tianjin University of Technology and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 In order to further improve the carrier synchronization estimation range and accuracy at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), this paper proposes a code-aided carrier synchronization algorithm based on improved nonbinary low-density parity-check (?Tianjin University of Technology and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 In order to further improve the carrier synchronization estimation range and accuracy at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), this paper proposes a code-aided carrier synchronization algorithm based on improved nonbinary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes to study the polarization-division-multiplexing coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (PDM-CO-OFDM) system performance in the cases of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) modes. The simulation results indicate that this algorithm can enlarge frequency and phase offset estimation ranges and enhance accuracy of the system greatly, and the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system is improved effectively compared with that of the system employing traditional NB-LDPC code-aided carrier synchronization algorithm..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 353 (2016)
Optical fiber magnetic field sensors with peanut-shape structure cascaded with LPFG
Ye CAO, Yue ZHAO, Zheng-rong TONG, and Yan WANG
An optical fiber magnetic field sensor for the dual-parameter simultaneous measurement is proposed and demonstrated. The sensor head is constructed by a peanut-shape structure and long period fiber grating (LPFG) coated by magnetic fluid (MF). The external magnetic field intensity can be measured by the variation of chAn optical fiber magnetic field sensor for the dual-parameter simultaneous measurement is proposed and demonstrated. The sensor head is constructed by a peanut-shape structure and long period fiber grating (LPFG) coated by magnetic fluid (MF). The external magnetic field intensity can be measured by the variation of characteristic wavelength (Dip1 and Dip2) in interference spectrum since the effective refractive index of MF changes with external magnetic field intensity. When the external magnetic field intensity changes from 0 mT to 20 mT, the magnetic field sensitivities of Dip1 and Dip2 are .0.064 nm/mT and .0.041 nm/mT, respectively. Experimental results show that the temperature sensitivities of the Dip1 and Dip2 are 0.233 nm/℃ and 0.186 nm/℃, respectively. Therefore, the simultaneous measurement of the magnetic field intensity and temperature is demonstrated based on the sensitive matrix. It has some potential applications in aerospace, environmental monitoring and medical sensing fields..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 358 (2016)
A full-duplex optical access system with hybrid 64/16/ 4QAM-OFDM downlink
Chao HE, Ze-fu TAN, Yu-feng SHAO, Li CAI, He-sheng PU, Yun-le ZHU, Si-si HUANG, and Yu LIU
A full-duplex optical passive access scheme is proposed and verified by simulation, in which hybrid 64/16/4- quadrature amplitude modulation (64/16/4QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) optical signal is for downstream transmission and non-return-to-zero (NRZ) optical signal is for upstream transmissiA full-duplex optical passive access scheme is proposed and verified by simulation, in which hybrid 64/16/4- quadrature amplitude modulation (64/16/4QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) optical signal is for downstream transmission and non-return-to-zero (NRZ) optical signal is for upstream transmission. In view of the transmitting and receiving process for downlink optical signal, in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) modulation based on Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) and homodyne coherent detection technology are employed, respectively. The simulation results show that the bit error ratio (BER) less than hardware decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold is successfully obtained over transmission path with 20-km-long standard single mode fiber (SSMF) for hybrid downlink modulation OFDM optical signal. In addition, by dividing the system bandwidth into several subchannels consisting of some continuous subcarriers, it is convenient for users to select different channels depending on requirements of communication..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 361 (2016)
Outage performance of multihop free-space optical communication system over exponentiated Weibull fading channels with nonzero boresight pointing errors.
Xiao-xia LIU, Ping WANG, and Tian CAO
The outage performance of the multihop free-space optical (FSO) communication system with decode-and-forward (DF) protocol is studied by considering the joint effects of nonzero boresight pointing errors and atmospheric turbulence modeled by exponentiated Weibull (EW) distribution. The closed-form analytical expressionThe outage performance of the multihop free-space optical (FSO) communication system with decode-and-forward (DF) protocol is studied by considering the joint effects of nonzero boresight pointing errors and atmospheric turbulence modeled by exponentiated Weibull (EW) distribution. The closed-form analytical expression of outage probability is derived, and the results are validated through Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, the detailed analysis is provided to evaluate the impacts of turbulence strength, receiver aperture size, boresight displacement, beamwidth and number of relays on the outage performance for the studied system..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 366 (2016)
Energy adaptive MAC protocol for IEEE 802.15.7 with energy harvesting
Hong-qiao WANG, Xue-fen CHI, and Lin-lin ZHAO
The medium access control (MAC) protocol for indoor visible light communication (VLC) with energy harvesting is explored in this paper. The unfairness of throughput exists among devices due to the significant difference of their energy harvesting rates which changes with distance, acceptance angle and the obstruction pThe medium access control (MAC) protocol for indoor visible light communication (VLC) with energy harvesting is explored in this paper. The unfairness of throughput exists among devices due to the significant difference of their energy harvesting rates which changes with distance, acceptance angle and the obstruction probability. We propose an energy harvesting model, a new obstruction probability model and an energy adaptive contention algorithm to overcome the unfairness problem. This device can adjust its contention window according to the energy harvesting rate. As a result, the device with lower energy harvesting rate can get shorter contention window to improve its transmission opportunity. Simulation results show that our MAC protocol can achieve a higher degree of fairness..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 370 (2016)
A distributed optical fiber sensing system for synchronous vibration and loss measurement
Xu-ping ZHANG, Wei-yan QIAO, Zhen-hong SUN, Yuan-yuan SHAN, Jie ZENG, and Yi-xin ZHANG
We propose a fully distributed fusion system combining phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) and OTDR for synchronous vibration and loss measurement by setting an ingenious frequency sweep rate (FSR) of the optical source. The relationships between FSR, probe pulse width and repeat period are givenWe propose a fully distributed fusion system combining phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) and OTDR for synchronous vibration and loss measurement by setting an ingenious frequency sweep rate (FSR) of the optical source. The relationships between FSR, probe pulse width and repeat period are given to balance the amplitude fluctuation of OTDR traces, the dead zone probability and the measurable frequency range of vibration events. In the experiment, we achieve synchronous vibration and loss measurement with FSR of 40 MHz/s, the proble pulse width of 100 ns and repeat rate of 0.4 ms. The fluctuation of OTDR trace is less than 0.45 dB when the signalto- noise ratio (SNR) is over 12 dB for a captured vibration event located at 9.1 km. The proposed method can be used for not only detection but also early warning of damage events in optical communication networks..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 375 (2016)
Design and fabrication of a mid-infrared carbon dioxide sensor for the application in greenhouse environment
Jia-ning WANG, Ling-jiao ZHENG, Xin-tao NIU, Chuan-tao ZHENG, and Yi-ding WANG
A mid-infrared carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor is presented for the application in greenhouse environment. An integrated multi-pass gas chamber and a dual-channel differential detection method are adopted to decrease response time and suppress environmental influence, respectively. An optical module is developed using a coA mid-infrared carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor is presented for the application in greenhouse environment. An integrated multi-pass gas chamber and a dual-channel differential detection method are adopted to decrease response time and suppress environmental influence, respectively. An optical module is developed using a cost-effective wideband mid-infrared light source, a dual-channel pyre electrical detector and a spherical mirror, and the moisture-proof function is specially designed for enabling the application of this sensor in greenhouse with high humidity. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the sensing performance on CO2concentration. According to the experimental results, the limit of detection (LoD) is about 3×10-5with an absorption length of 30 cm. The relative detection error is less than 5% within the measurement range of 3×10-5—5×10-3. Based on 10 h long-term stability measurement on 5×10-4and 2×10-3standard CO2 samples, the maximum fluctuations are 1.08% and 3.6%, respectively. By using a 2.4 GHz wireless network communication system for remote monitoring and data recording, a field measurement of this sensor in a greenhouse is conducted, and good performance is proven in such circumstance..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 379 (2016)
Monitoring diesel engine parameters based on FBGprobe
Hao ZHANG, Qi JIANG, Bao-yan WANG, and Jun-jie WANG
This paper proposes an unprecedented systematic approach for real-time monitoring the temperature and flow of diesel engine by using embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG). By virtue of FBG’s temperature effect, we design a novel sensitive FBG temperature sensing probe to measure the temperature of cylinder head and inlet This paper proposes an unprecedented systematic approach for real-time monitoring the temperature and flow of diesel engine by using embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG). By virtue of FBG’s temperature effect, we design a novel sensitive FBG temperature sensing probe to measure the temperature of cylinder head and inlet flow of diesel engine. We also establish the corresponding software platform for intuitive data analysis. The experimental and complementary simulation results simultaneously demonstrate that the FBG-based optical fiber technique possesses extraordinary reproducibility and sensitivity, which makes it feasible to monitor the temperature and inlet flow of diesel engine. Our work can provide an effective way to evaluate the thermal load of cylinder head in diesel engine..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 384 (2016)
A 3D measurement method based on multi-view fringe projection by using a turntable
Li-mei SONG, Yan-yan GAO, Xin-jun ZHU, Qing-hua GUO, and Jiang-tao XI
In order to get the entire data in the optical measurement, a multi-view three-dimensional (3D) measurement method based on turntable is proposed. In the method, a turntable is used to rotate the object and obtain multi-view point cloud data, and then multi-view point cloud data are registered and integrated into a 3D In order to get the entire data in the optical measurement, a multi-view three-dimensional (3D) measurement method based on turntable is proposed. In the method, a turntable is used to rotate the object and obtain multi-view point cloud data, and then multi-view point cloud data are registered and integrated into a 3D model. The measurement results are compared with that of the sticking marked point method. Experimental results show that the measurement process of the proposed method is simpler, and the scanning speed and accuracy are improved..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 389 (2016)
Nearly deterministic quantum Fredkin gate based on weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity
Yun-xiang WU, Chang-hua ZHU, and Chang-xing PEI
A scheme of an optical quantum Fredkin gate is presented based on weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity. By an auxiliary coherent state with the cross-Kerr nonlinearity effect, photons can interact with each other indirectly, and a non-demolition measurement for photons can be implemented. Combined with the homodyne detection, A scheme of an optical quantum Fredkin gate is presented based on weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity. By an auxiliary coherent state with the cross-Kerr nonlinearity effect, photons can interact with each other indirectly, and a non-demolition measurement for photons can be implemented. Combined with the homodyne detection, classical feedforward, polarization beam splitters and Pauli-X operations, a controlled-path gate is constructed. Furthermore, a quantum Fredkin gate is built based on the controlled-path gate. The proposed Fredkin gate is simple in structure and feasible by current experimental technology..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 395 (2016)
Adaptive merit function in SPGD algorithm for beam combining
Guo-qing YANG, Li-sheng LIU, Zhen-hua JIANG, Ting-feng WANG, and Jin GUO
The beam pointing is the most crucial issue for beam combining to achieve high energy laser output. In order to meet the turbulence situation, a beam pointing method that cooperates with the stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm is proposed. The power-in-the-bucket (PIB) is chosen as the merit function,The beam pointing is the most crucial issue for beam combining to achieve high energy laser output. In order to meet the turbulence situation, a beam pointing method that cooperates with the stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm is proposed. The power-in-the-bucket (PIB) is chosen as the merit function, and its radius changes gradually during the correction process. The linear radius and the exponential radius are simulated. The results show that the exponential radius has great promise for beam pointing..
Optoelectronics Letters
- Publication Date: Jan. 01, 1900
- Vol. 12, Issue 5, 398 (2016)
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