Journals >Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
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2010
Volume: 47 Issue 10
21 Article(s)
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Diffraction and Gratings
Focusing Properties of High-Numerical Aperture Focusing
Chen Baosuan, and Pu Jixiong
By focusing a laser beam through a high-numerical aperture objective, a sub-wavelength focal spot is obtained, which enables the application of a laser beam in microscopy, lithography and optical data storage. In this paper, the focusing properties of a laser beam through a high-numerical aperture are studied based on By focusing a laser beam through a high-numerical aperture objective, a sub-wavelength focal spot is obtained, which enables the application of a laser beam in microscopy, lithography and optical data storage. In this paper, the focusing properties of a laser beam through a high-numerical aperture are studied based on the vectorial Debye diffraction theory. The intensity, phase, degree of coherence and degree of polarization in the focal field are analyzed systematically. The influence of the polarization and phase state of the incident beam on the shape of the focal spot is also investigated. It is found that the spin angular momentum of the incident laser beam will convert to the orbital angular momentum while focusing. Meanwhile, the degree of coherence and the degree of polarization of a beam can change during the focusing process. Moreover, by modulating the polarization and phase state of the incident beam, the desired shape of focusing spots can be obtained..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 100501 (2010)
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
Multi-Point Optical Fiber Sensing Technology for Methane Detection
Fan Shibin, Xu Hongchun, and Xiang Xiong
The application of near-infrared tunable diode laser spectroscopy(TDLAS) was investigated experimentally on gas detection, and the application on methane detection in coal mines with fiber sensor was presented. Based on gas absorption characteristics in near-infrared optical bands, with wavelength modulation on narrow-The application of near-infrared tunable diode laser spectroscopy(TDLAS) was investigated experimentally on gas detection, and the application on methane detection in coal mines with fiber sensor was presented. Based on gas absorption characteristics in near-infrared optical bands, with wavelength modulation on narrow-linewidth distributed feed back(DFB) laser, using harmonic detection technology, eliminating the effect of light source fluctuation and fiber jitter, the performance of measurement sensitivity is improved. By using the space division multiplexing(SDM) technology, a multi-point optical fiber sensor system for measuring methane is proposed. This method can reduce system costs, and will be adapted for requirement in harsh environments such as coal mines and so on..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 100602 (2010)
Holography
Experimental Study on Carrying Three-Dimensional Image with Cylinder Mist Screen in Electro-Holographic Reconstruction
Yu Yingjie, Dai Linmao, Zheng Huadong, and Wang Tao
A method is proposed for carrying three-dimensional (3D) image with cylinder mist screen in electro-holographic reconstruction. 360\O kinoforms of 3D object are generated by use of dynamic pseudorandom-phase tomographic computer holography (DPP-TCH) and spatial coordinate transformation. The results of numerical reconsA method is proposed for carrying three-dimensional (3D) image with cylinder mist screen in electro-holographic reconstruction. 360\O kinoforms of 3D object are generated by use of dynamic pseudorandom-phase tomographic computer holography (DPP-TCH) and spatial coordinate transformation. The results of numerical reconstruction with single kinoform and multiple kinoforms of each viewing angle are analyzed. Experimental system is designed for optoelectronic holographic reconstruction based on cylinder mist screen and liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM). Experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of spatially carrying reconstructed 3D image in optoelectronic holography, and suppressing the speckle noise of 3D image..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 100901 (2010)
Image Processing
Study of Assessment Effects and Image Fusion Algorithms Performance Analysis
Zhang Yong, and Jin Weiqi
Different fusion algorithms interpret fusion images from different aspects, which generate fusion images of different brightnesses and different contrasts. Image fusion algorithms performance analysis can reduce the uncertainty of image information and improve the image resolution. Based on the generalization of these Different fusion algorithms interpret fusion images from different aspects, which generate fusion images of different brightnesses and different contrasts. Image fusion algorithms performance analysis can reduce the uncertainty of image information and improve the image resolution. Based on the generalization of these existing fusion algorithms, these fusion images obtained by different fusion algorithms are collated by means of subjective assessment score. The experimental result indicates the pyramidal fusion algorithms and wavelet transform algorithms can improve the important characteristics and image detail, which have better adaptability than those of weighted fusion algorithms in different scene. Though weighted fusion algorithms can get higher score in special scene, it has limitation of scene adaptability. Therefore, the practical image fusion system should choose different fusion algorithms to adjust different task requirements and applied circumstances in order to acquire the optimum scene interpreting effect..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 101001 (2010)
Rudin-Osher-Fatemi Model-Based Wavelet Image Inpainting in Pixel Domain
Zhou Guanghua, and Feng Xiangchu
Image inpainting and some of its main techniques are briefly presented. To inpaint image, an idea to solve wavelet image inpainting extending from wavelet domain to pixel domain and its theory and implement processing are given. A wavelet image inpainting method in pixel domain based on Rudin-Osher-Fatemi(ROF) model isImage inpainting and some of its main techniques are briefly presented. To inpaint image, an idea to solve wavelet image inpainting extending from wavelet domain to pixel domain and its theory and implement processing are given. A wavelet image inpainting method in pixel domain based on Rudin-Osher-Fatemi(ROF) model is proposed to put the idea above into practice. Experimental results show that the method can get good visual effect of image inpainting, with higher peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR) compared with former methods, and the PSNR of damaged image increases from less than 10 dB to 30 dB after processing using the proposed method. Therefore, the wavelet image inpainting is available in pixel domain, which means that the proposed method is practicable..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 101002 (2010)
Imaging Systems
A Real-Time Forecast Method for Visible Span of Artificial Satellite
Gao Ce, and Qiao Yanfeng
In order to provide the visible span of satellite for photoelectrical theodolite, we discuss the forecast method for the visible span of artificial satellites. Three important factors including height, shadow and sunlight are analyzed. The method has been used on a certain kind of photoelectrical theodolite.Choosing INIn order to provide the visible span of satellite for photoelectrical theodolite, we discuss the forecast method for the visible span of artificial satellites. Three important factors including height, shadow and sunlight are analyzed. The method has been used on a certain kind of photoelectrical theodolite.Choosing INTERCOSMOS and other three satellites as samples, experimental results indicate that this method can provide accurate visible span of satellite and fulfill the requirement precision of 103.629 ms. The method reduces the waiting time and advances the efficiency of operating staffs..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 101101 (2010)
Lasers and Laser Optics
Numerical Simulation of Residual Stress during Laser Cladding
Gu Jianqiang, Luo Fang, and Yao Jianhua
Considering the thermal physical properties such as heat transfer coefficient, heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficient, and elastic modulus change with temperature, the temperature field and stress field of the synchronous powder feeding laser cladding process are conducted with direct coupled analysis using the sConsidering the thermal physical properties such as heat transfer coefficient, heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficient, and elastic modulus change with temperature, the temperature field and stress field of the synchronous powder feeding laser cladding process are conducted with direct coupled analysis using the software MSC. Marc. The residual stress distributions under different scanning speeds are studied. The stress distribution along the two paths with one on the surface of the workpiece and the other along the depth of the workpiece is measured, and the results show that the longitudinal stress is much greater than the value of transversal stress. It can be speculated that, along the laser scanning direction, the existence of the residual tensile stress caused by laser cladding is the main reason for cladding layer cracks. When scanning speed increases, the VonMises equivalent peak stress on the surface of the cladding layer also increases, and the curve becomes steeper..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 101401 (2010)
Design and Precision Analysis of Offline Crystal Frequency Tripling Alignment Adjusting System for SG-Ⅱ
Kong Chenhui, Ji Lailin, and Zhu Jian
The third harmonic generator is an important part of the ICF laser facility. It is necessary to adjust the KDP crystal alignment offline before it works efficiently online. The basic process of the adjusting is to measure the harmonic generation efficiency at different detuned angles by scanning the crystal, then fit tThe third harmonic generator is an important part of the ICF laser facility. It is necessary to adjust the KDP crystal alignment offline before it works efficiently online. The basic process of the adjusting is to measure the harmonic generation efficiency at different detuned angles by scanning the crystal, then fit the dates with multinomial function, and draw a rocking curve and decide the best angle for the harmonic generation. In this paper, a precision and automatic crystal alignment adjusting system is designed base on the theory analysis. In the experiment, the system can adjust the crystal alignment automatically, and it has an accuracy of 30 μrad in phase matching angle measurement, and 4% in conversion energy measurement..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 101403 (2010)
Influences of Laser Surface Treatment on Mircostructure and Wear Resistance of Electroless Composite Plated NiAl/Nano Al2O3 Coatings
Lou Dan, Ding Qingming, Lou Chenghua, and Yao Jianhua
NiAl/nano Al2O3 composite coatings are prepared on medium carbon steel substrate by electroless plating. The transverse-flow CO2 laser is employed to strengthen the coatings. The composition, microstructure and wear resistance of the coatings are characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning eleNiAl/nano Al2O3 composite coatings are prepared on medium carbon steel substrate by electroless plating. The transverse-flow CO2 laser is employed to strengthen the coatings. The composition, microstructure and wear resistance of the coatings are characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), microhardness tester, friction and wear test (ball-on-disk). The effects of process parameters on microstructure and wear resistance of the coatings are investigated. Based on the high laser power, the fast traverse velocity and the large beam diameter, Ni0.77Al Fe0.23 intermetallics are synthesized in the coating. The microhardness of the coatings increases obviously due to the phase transformation hardening. The friction coefficient and wear loss obviously decrease after laser strengthening..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 101405 (2010)
Materials
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Ca3(Zr,Ti)Si2O9 Mineral Luminescence Materials
Jin Shuai, Xia Zhiguo, Zhou Weihua, Wu Siyuan, and Huang Xu
Synthetic baghdadite mineral luminescence materials Ca3(Zr,Ti)Si2O9 with different Ti content were prepared by the traditional solid-state method and Sol-Gel method, respectively. Baghdadite mineral luminescence materials prepared by the Sol-Gel method have low synthesis temperature, small and uniform phosphor particleSynthetic baghdadite mineral luminescence materials Ca3(Zr,Ti)Si2O9 with different Ti content were prepared by the traditional solid-state method and Sol-Gel method, respectively. Baghdadite mineral luminescence materials prepared by the Sol-Gel method have low synthesis temperature, small and uniform phosphor particles compared with that of the samples obtained by the solid-state method. It is found that Ca3(Zr,Ti)Si2O9 with different Ti contents all exhibit greenish yellow light with peak wavelength at 531 nm by 254 nm ultraviolet. Further optical properties investigations on the rare earth doping luminescence effect of Ca3(Zr0.90,Ti0.10)Si2O9 materials were studied by introducing different rare earth ions, including Sm3+, Eu3+ and Dy3+. They all show the characteristic emission in the whole visible light region (400~700 nm), indicating that they are promising as the single-phase light-conversion phosphors for white LEDs..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 101601 (2010)
Spectral Characteristics of Omphacite Jade
Chen Zheng, Fan Jianliang, and Du Guangpeng
The spectral characteristics of omphacite jade are analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF),X-ray diffraction (XRD),ultraviolet visible (UV-VIS) and Raman spectroscopy.The result indicates that the content of Ca2+ in omphacite jade sample is high.The result also shows that omphacite jade is mainly composed of omphacite,whiThe spectral characteristics of omphacite jade are analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF),X-ray diffraction (XRD),ultraviolet visible (UV-VIS) and Raman spectroscopy.The result indicates that the content of Ca2+ in omphacite jade sample is high.The result also shows that omphacite jade is mainly composed of omphacite,which has the similar crystal structure to jadeite,but with the different unit cell parameter.The iron,which mainly exists as Fe2+,is of high content.Raman shifts between 683 cm-1 and 1018 cm-1 are due to symmetrical bend vibration of Si-O-Si bond and symmetrical retraction vibration within [SiO4]4- tetrahedral respectively.Therefore,omphacite jade is different from jadeite..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 101602 (2010)
Medical Optics and Biotechnology
Monitoring of Rejuvenation of Photoaged Mouse Skin Irradiated by Intense Plused Light Based on Optical Coherence Tomography
Zhang Xiaoman, Li Hui, and Wu Shulian
The optical coherence tomography(OCT) technology is used to monitor the treatment of photoaged mouse skin, which is irradiated by intense plused light(IPL). A photoaged mouse skin irradiated by ultraviolet, is treated by IPL. The OCT technology is used to observe the process of the collagen remodeling in dermis. The chThe optical coherence tomography(OCT) technology is used to monitor the treatment of photoaged mouse skin, which is irradiated by intense plused light(IPL). A photoaged mouse skin irradiated by ultraviolet, is treated by IPL. The OCT technology is used to observe the process of the collagen remodeling in dermis. The change of optical characteristic parameter such as attenuation coefficient during the skin rejunvenation is gotten, and the magnitude of optical-thermal damage based on the changes of optical parameter is estimated. The results indicate that IPL can be used for symptoms of photoaged skin as a nonablative method, and OCT has potential as a method for characterization of collagen remodling in vivo in clinic..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 101701 (2010)
Microscopy
Study on Focusing of Radially Polarized Beam by High Numerical Aperture Objective
Gao Xingyu, and Liu Shugui
The formulas of three-dimensional (3D) electric field of radially polarized beam focusing through the interface of two dielectric media are deduced based on the vectorial Debye theory. The electric field in a defocus plan calculated by Debye theory is introduced into 3D finite difference time domain(FDTD) program as inThe formulas of three-dimensional (3D) electric field of radially polarized beam focusing through the interface of two dielectric media are deduced based on the vectorial Debye theory. The electric field in a defocus plan calculated by Debye theory is introduced into 3D finite difference time domain(FDTD) program as input source for the simulation of focusing process. The FDTD simulation results agree well with that calculated by Debye theory. Due to its facility of setting the structures for different media, the FDTD method is applied for simulating the problem of radially polarized beam focusing through half ball shaped nano-holes which can not be calculated by Debye theory. The focus shift and field intensity enhancement phenomena caused by the half ball shaped nano-holes are observed and analyzed..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 101801 (2010)
Optical Devices
Influence of Electron Beam Irradiation on GaN-Based Blue LED
Liang Liang, Niu Pingjuan, and Yu Liyuan
The influence of low energy electron beam irradiation (LEEBI) on GaN-based blue LED of high power has been studied. Making use of the electron beam from the lab to simulate the space electron irradiation, We take LEEBI on blue LED, and make contrast to unirradiated LED. The changes of electrical and optical properties The influence of low energy electron beam irradiation (LEEBI) on GaN-based blue LED of high power has been studied. Making use of the electron beam from the lab to simulate the space electron irradiation, We take LEEBI on blue LED, and make contrast to unirradiated LED. The changes of electrical and optical properties are studied. It′s found that the higher lighting intensity but lower forward and breakdown voltage can be obtained on irradiated LED. The experimental result has been analyzed and discussed through the mechanism of electron beam irradiation..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 102301 (2010)
Reviews
Polymer Nanofiber Based Microphotonic Devices and Applications
Xing Xiaobo, Cai Jiye, Wang Yuqing, Zhu Heng, and He Wen
Polymer nanofibers have highly configurable ability and good guiding properties, which is desirable for ultracompact microphotonic devices and miniaturized photonic integrated circuits. A polymer nanofiber-poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) nanofiber with good mechanical and optical properties is introduced, whichPolymer nanofibers have highly configurable ability and good guiding properties, which is desirable for ultracompact microphotonic devices and miniaturized photonic integrated circuits. A polymer nanofiber-poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) nanofiber with good mechanical and optical properties is introduced, which is fabricated by one-step drawing process. As a subwavelengh waveguide, polymer nanofiber has tight-confinement ability and large evanescent optical field. A varies of PTT nanofibers-based ultracompact structures and devices (such as bends, rings, M×N optical coupling splitters, and Mach-Zehnder interferometers) are described in detail. These structures and devices have advantages of compact structure and low loss. Finally, the properties and application prospects of the polymer nanofibers and nanofiber devices are summarized..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 100601 (2010)
Progress of High-Brightness and Linewidth-Narrowed Laser Diode Bar
Su Zhouping, Zhou Jun, and Lou Qihong
The progress of high brightness, linewidth-narrowed laser diode bar is demonstrated in detail. Popular techniques used to improve the brightness and reduce the linewidth of laser diode bar are introudced in detail. These techniques include Littrow external cavity feedback technique, spectrum beam combination, and off-aThe progress of high brightness, linewidth-narrowed laser diode bar is demonstrated in detail. Popular techniques used to improve the brightness and reduce the linewidth of laser diode bar are introudced in detail. These techniques include Littrow external cavity feedback technique, spectrum beam combination, and off-axis external cavity feedback technique, off-axis external Talbot cavity technique..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 101402 (2010)
Beam Incoherence Combination of High Power Laser Diode
Xin Guofeng, Pi Haoyang, Shen Li, Qu Ronghui, Cai Haiwen, Fang Zujie, and Chen Gaoting
The low power density and the bad beam quality of the laser diode array limit its application fields. The new developments of incoherent technology, such as beam combination, polarization and spatial multiplex, for increasing power density and beam quality are introduced. The new structure and the experimental results The low power density and the bad beam quality of the laser diode array limit its application fields. The new developments of incoherent technology, such as beam combination, polarization and spatial multiplex, for increasing power density and beam quality are introduced. The new structure and the experimental results of different combination techniques are summarized..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 101404 (2010)
Progress of High Power Tm-Doped Fiber Laser
Han Kai, Ma Yanxing, Wang Xiaolin, Zhou Pu, Xu Xiaojun, and Liu Zejin
In recent years, Tm-doped fiber laser aroused much attention for its superior properties such as wide tunable range, eye-safe and high nonlinear threshold. Compared with Yb-doped fiber laser, Tm-doped fiber laser is of great advantage in power rising, which has significant application prospects in remote sensing, laserIn recent years, Tm-doped fiber laser aroused much attention for its superior properties such as wide tunable range, eye-safe and high nonlinear threshold. Compared with Yb-doped fiber laser, Tm-doped fiber laser is of great advantage in power rising, which has significant application prospects in remote sensing, laser radar, medical care, optical parametric oscillation and other fields. The progress of continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed Tm-doped fiber laser at home and abroad is reported. At present, CW Tm-doped fiber laser has achieved 1 kW output, and single-frequency Tm-doped fiber laser has achieved 608 W output. Moreover, higher laser output will be achieved if high-power high-brightness LD pump source and multi-stage amplifier configuration are used. With Q-switched technology, the repetition rate of pulsed laser achieves 100 kHz, and the single nanosecond pulse energy reaches 360 μJ; with mode-locked technology, the repetition rate of pulsed laser achieves 37 MHz and the average power of the picosecond pulse reaches 3.4 mW. Finally, the trend of Tm-doped fiber laser is discussed..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 101406 (2010)
Review of Embedded Optical Fiber Smart Metal Structure
Rao Chunfang, Zhang Hua, Feng Yan, and Li Yulong
The main steps of studying of embedded optical fiber smart metal structure are introduced, which are metal coating for protecting the optical fiber sensors, analysis of the physical characteristics of the sensors after being metalized and embedded, and the choices of embedded metal. An electroless-electroplating methodThe main steps of studying of embedded optical fiber smart metal structure are introduced, which are metal coating for protecting the optical fiber sensors, analysis of the physical characteristics of the sensors after being metalized and embedded, and the choices of embedded metal. An electroless-electroplating method is used to protect the optical fiber for less thermal stress, which can be minimized by proper coat thickness, Young′s modulus, Poisson ratio and thermal expansion. Experiments show that the metal coats can protect the optical fiber and make the optical fiber weldable. The optical fiber sensors present good sensitivity characteristics after being metalized and embedded. However, the fiber Bragg gratings are used in most research, and their bad thermal stability makes only few methods and few host metals used in embedding the optical fiber sensors. It is believed that research of the better optical fiber sensors which can endure rugged environment when it is embedded in metal is the key problem for the study..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 102801 (2010)
Research and Prospect of Cat-Eye Effect Used for Active Laser Detection Technique
Zhao Yanzhong, Sun Huayan, Song Fenghua, and Gu Suolin
Active laser detection based on cat-eye effect is a new type of technique used in laser weapons. The key technology is how to describe the reflection characteristics of cat-eye effect of optical targets exactly. Several vehicle-borne, portable, ship-borne and air-borne laser weapons using cat-eye effect are introduced.Active laser detection based on cat-eye effect is a new type of technique used in laser weapons. The key technology is how to describe the reflection characteristics of cat-eye effect of optical targets exactly. Several vehicle-borne, portable, ship-borne and air-borne laser weapons using cat-eye effect are introduced. Representative research methods and results are reviewed. Finally, the existent problems of cat-eye effect used in active laser detection technique are presented, and the development prospects are also discussed including the multi-system detection, the optical target parameters acquiring technique based on diffraction and interference characteristics of cat-eye effect, the closed-loop active tracking system based on the modulation effect of cat-eye system on the detection laser, and the effect of stochastic atmosphere on cat-eye effect reflected light..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 102802 (2010)
Thin Films
Omnidirectional Broadband Antireflection Coatings Optimized by Genetic Algorithm
Tang Zhenfang, Tang Shouli, Zhao Tingting, Wang Xiaohui, and Wei Hong
Along with the development of oblique angle deposition and etching, the development of reflection coatings has been broadened by the nano-porous low-index material, which has played an important role in reducing the reflection of the wide-angle incident light and maintaining the color balance. An optimized four layers Along with the development of oblique angle deposition and etching, the development of reflection coatings has been broadened by the nano-porous low-index material, which has played an important role in reducing the reflection of the wide-angle incident light and maintaining the color balance. An optimized four layers graded-index antireflection coating on H-K9L optical glass with broadband and omnidirectional characteristics designed by genetic algorithm is presented. The reflection coefficient curves are also obtained and compared with the single layer made by normal materials. It plays a very good role in reducing reflectivity for the visible light when the incident angle ranges from 0° to 75°. The total average wide-angle visible spectral reflectivity can be reduced to 0.21% in this scope..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jun. 03, 2020
- Vol. 47, Issue 10, 103101 (2010)
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