Fig. 1. Model of detachable microgripper with bionic superhydrophobic structure

Fig. 2. Physical picture of microgripper

Fig. 3. Schematic of nanosecond laser processing system and laser scanning path

Fig. 4. Physical comparison of functionalized jaw end face and original jaw end face

Fig. 5. Measured XPS and C 1s high-resolution spectra. XPS of (a) Al-Ⅰ and (b) Al-Ⅱ samples; C 1s high-resolution spectra fitted by the spectrum peaks of (c) Al-Ⅰ and (d) Al-Ⅱ samples

Fig. 6. Comparison of corrosion of Al-Ⅰ and Al-Ⅱ samples in acids, salts, and alkali solutions. (a)(e) Uncorroded samples; (b)(f) samples corroded by HCl solution at pH＝2; (c)(g) samples corroded by NaCl solution at pH＝7; (d)(h) samples corroded by NaOH solution at pH＝12

Fig. 7. Polarization curves of Al-Ⅰ and Al-Ⅱ samples in pH＝2, pH＝7, and pH＝12 solutions

Fig. 8. Comparison of electrochemical impedance spectra and polarization curves of Al-Ⅰ and Al-Ⅱ samples. Nyquist plots of samples in solutions with (a) pH＝2, (b) pH＝7, and (c) pH＝12; (d) Bode diagram and fitting curves of　impedance modulus and frequency; (e) Bode diagram and fitting curves of phase angle and frequency

Fig. 9. Equivalent circuit of EIS curves. (a) Al-Ⅰ and Al-Ⅱ surfaces at pH＝2 and Al-Ⅰsurface at pH＝7; (b) Al-Ⅱ surface at pH＝7; (c) Al-Ⅰ surface and Al-Ⅱ surface at pH＝12

Fig. 10. Comparison of self-cleaning effects of Al-Ⅰ and Al-Ⅱ sample surfaces, both at a scale of 5 mm. (a)(i) Al-Ⅰ sample; (j)(r) Al-Ⅱ sample

Fig. 11. Anti-icing ability test of 7075 aluminum sample, all scales are 10 mm. (a) Schematic of anti-icing test device; comparison of surface freezing and anti-icing processes between (b)(j) original Al-Ⅰ sample and (k)(s) superhydrophobic Al-Ⅱ sample

Fig. 12. Laser confocal microscopy of escherichia coli on the sample surface. Distributions of (a) viable bacteria and (b) dead bacteria in Al-Ⅰ sample; distributions of (c) viable bacteria and (d) dead bacteria in Al-Ⅱ sample

Fig. 13. Colony count of remaining bacteria in plate coating at different dilution ratio. (a)(c) Bare group; (d)(f) original sample; (g)(i) superhydrophobic sample

Table 1. Corrosion results of Al-Ⅰ and Al-Ⅱ samples in different solutions obtained by polarization curves

Table 2. Comparison of bacterial inhibition after 10⁵ times dilution