Optical biopsy has the potential to perform noninvasive, real time and in situ diagnosis of tissue pathologies in vivo. The current status and development perspectives, as well as the principle and merits of optical biopsy are presented. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques among optical biopsy are also analyzed by combined with the recent progress in the world spectrum. Finally, the promises and hopes, as well as the application and industrialization of optical biopsy are briefly discussed.