Author Affiliations
1Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Information Technology of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Opto-electronics Technologies and Devices, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China2FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430205, China3Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518038, China4e-mail:5e-mail:6e-mail:show less
Fig. 1. Long-haul MDM transmission over a 3MF with in-line 3M-EDFAs.
Fig. 2. Schematic of (a) the dual-stage integrated 3M-EDFA, (b) 3M isolator (3M-ISO), and (c) 3M power combiner (3M-CMB).
Fig. 3. (a) Refractive index profile and (b) normalized erbium doping profile of the 3M-EDF; square points are measured results and the solid black line is a fitted curve.
Fig. 4. (a) Experimental setup for characterizing the proposed 3M-EDFA, (b) the near-field modal patterns of input and output signals, and (c) crosstalk matrix of the whole setup.
Fig. 5. Modal gain and NF of a single-stage 3M-EDFA as a function of 3M-EDF length.
Fig. 6. (a) The modal gain, DMG, and (b) NF of the 3M-EDFA as a function of forward pump power for the first stage.
Fig. 7. (a) The modal gain, DMG, and (b) NF of the 3M-EDFA as a function of backward pump power for the second stage.
Fig. 8. (a) The modal gain, DMG, (b) output signal power, and NF of the 3M-EDFA as a function of input power.
Fig. 9. (a) Modal gain, DMG, (b) NF, and output power of the proposed 3M-EDFA as a function of wavelength.
Fig. 10. Experimental setup for the MDM transmission over 3840-km 3MF with the proposed 3M-EDFA.
Fig. 11. (a) The amplitude of impulse responses at 1344 km; (b) the averaged impulse responses and its fitting curves at 1344 km, 2688 km, and 3840 km; (c) constellations; and (d) MDL values of the three modes after transmission.
Components | (dB) | (dB) | (dB) |
---|
| 0.17 | 0.52 | 0.53 | | 0.18 | 0.49 | 0.47 | | 0.23 | 0.56 | 0.55 | | 0.31 | 0.54 | 0.58 | | 0.38 | 0.48 | 0.53 |
|
Table 1. Insertion Losses of the Integrated 3-Mode Components
Components/Splicing Points | (dB) | (dB) | (dB) |
---|
3M-Mux | 3.06 | 3.06 | 3.11 | 3M-DeMux | 2.89 | 2.93 | 2.83 | A | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.35 | B | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.41 |
|
Table 2. Insertion Losses of the Passive Few-Mode Components