Structured illumination fluorescence microscopy (SIM) is a wide field microscopy imaging technique which can circumvent the Abbe diffraction limit. It has various potential applications in the biomedical research due to its advantages of non-invasivity, fast imaging speed and low photon damage and so on. Based on the basic principle of structured illumination microscopy imaging system, the super-resolution image reconstruction algorithm, the sources of artifacts in reconstructed image and optimization methods are analyzed. The SIM imaging system based on laser interference is discussed combining custom built linear/non-linear structured illumination microscope. Design of the control system for hardware synchronization, and few key questions during optical alignment are discussed in detail. Imaging of cell skeleton is done with the linear SIM microscopy system and the comparative tests verify the reliability of the independent-developed image reconstruction algorithm. At last, the future improvement and application in biology of the SIM technique are discussed.