• Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society
  • Vol. 41, Issue 8, 2604 (2022)
GENG Yuanjie1、2、*, SUN Congtao2、3、4, SUN Ming2、3, ZHANG Yuguo2、3、5, and DUAN Jizhou2、3
Author Affiliations
  • 1[in Chinese]
  • 2[in Chinese]
  • 3[in Chinese]
  • 4[in Chinese]
  • 5[in Chinese]
  • show less
    DOI: Cite this Article
    GENG Yuanjie, SUN Congtao, SUN Ming, ZHANG Yuguo, DUAN Jizhou. Review on Mechanism of Chloride Ion Binding and Its Influencing Factors in Cement-Based Materials[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2022, 41(8): 2604 Copy Citation Text show less
    References

    [1] RAJAMALLU C, REDDY T C, ARUNAKANTHI E. Service life prediction of self compacted concretes with respect to chloride ion penetration[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, 46: 677-681.

    [2] MAAGE M, HELLAND S, POULSEN E, et al. Service life prediction of existing concrete structures exposed to marine environment[J]. ACI Materials Journal, 1996, 93(6): 602-608.

    [3] COSTA A, APPLETON J. Case studies of concrete deterioration in a marine environment in Portugal[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2002, 24(1): 169-179.

    [4] FELDMAN R F, BEAUDOIN J J, PHILIPOSE K E. Durable concrete for a waste repository-measurement of ionic ingress[J]. MRS Proceedings, 1989, 176: 129.

    [5] PAGE C L, TREADAWAY K W J. Aspects of the electrochemistry of steel in concrete[J]. Nature, 1982, 297(5862): 109-115.

    [6] YUAN Q, SHI C J, DE SCHUTTER G, et al. Chloride binding of cement-based materials subjected to external chloride environment: a review[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2009, 23(1): 1-13.

    [7] TUUTTI K. Corrosion of steel in concrete[D]. Sweden: Lund University, 1982.

    [8] OH B H, JANG S Y. Effects of material and environmental parameters on chloride penetration profiles in concrete structures[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2007, 37(1): 47-53.

    [9] HAN S H. Influence of diffusion coefficient on chloride ion penetration of concrete structure[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2007, 21(2): 370-378.

    [10] BODDY A, BENTZ E, THOMAS M D A, et al. An overview and sensitivity study of a multimechanistic chloride transport model[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1999, 29(6): 827-837.

    [11] TANG L P, NILSSON L O. Chloride binding capacity and binding isotherms of OPC pastes and mortars[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1993, 23(2): 247-253.

    [12] ZIBARA H. Binding of external chlorides by cement pastes[D]. Canada: University of Toronto, 2001.

    [13] JAIN A, GENCTURK B, PIRBAZARI M, et al. Influence of pH on chloride binding isotherms for cement paste and its components[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2021, 143: 106378.

    [14] SHEN X H, JIANG W Q, HOU D S, et al. Numerical study of carbonation and its effect on chloride binding in concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2019, 104: 103402.

    [16] LOTHENBACH B, WINNEFELD F. Thermodynamic modelling of the hydration of Portland cement[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2006, 36(2): 209-226.

    [17] CHEN J J, THOMAS J J, TAYLOR H F W, et al. Solubility and structure of calcium silicate hydrate[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2004, 34(9): 1499-1519.

    [18] ZHOU Y, HOU D S, JIANG J Y, et al. Chloride ions transport and adsorption in the nano-pores of silicate calcium hydrate: experimental and molecular dynamics studies[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 126: 991-1001.

    [19] RICHARDSON I G. The nature of C-S-H in hardened cements[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1999, 29(8): 1131-1147.

    [20] MA H Y, LI Z J. Realistic pore structure of Portland cement paste: experimental study and numerical simulation[J]. Computers & Concrete, 2013, 11(4): 317-336.

    [21] HIRAO H, YAMADA K, TAKAHASHI H, et al. Chloride binding of cement estimated by binding isotherms of hydrates[J]. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 2005, 3(1): 77-84.

    [22] ELAKNESWARAN Y, NAWA T, KURUMISAWA K. Electrokinetic potential of hydrated cement in relation to adsorption of chlorides[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2009, 39(4): 340-344.

    [24] RAMACHANDRAN V S. Possible states of chloride in the hydration of tricalcium silicate in the presence of calcium chloride[J]. Matériaux et Construction, 1971, 4(1): 3-12.

    [25] MA J Y, LI Z B, ZHANG Y, et al. Desilication of sodium aluminate solution by Friedel’s salt (FS: 3CaO·A12O3·CaCl2·10H2O)[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2009, 99(3/4): 225-230.

    [26] SURYAVANSHI A K, SWAMY R N. Stability of Friedel’s salt in carbonated concrete structural elements[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1996, 26(5): 729-741.

    [27] BEN-YAIR M. The effect of chlorides on concrete in hot and arid regions[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1974, 4(3): 405-416.

    [30] SURYAVANSHI A K, SCANTLEBURY J D, LYON S B. Mechanism of Friedel’s salt formation in cements rich in tri-calcium aluminate[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1996, 26(5): 717-727.

    [31] BALONIS M, LOTHENBACH B, LE SAOUT G, et al. Impact of chloride on the mineralogy of hydrated Portland cement systems[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2010, 40(7): 1009-1022.

    [32] MATSCHEI T, LOTHENBACH B, GLASSER F P. The AFm phase in Portland cement[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2007, 37(2): 118-130.

    [33] SAILLIO M, BAROGHEL-BOUNY V, BARBERON F. Chloride binding in sound and carbonated cementitious materials with various types of binder[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2014, 68: 82-91.

    [34] LI S C, JIN Z Q, YU Y. Chloride binding by calcined layered double hydroxides and alumina-rich cementitious materials in mortar mixed with seawater and sea sand[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 293: 123493.

    [35] ZHU Q, JIANG L H, CHEN Y, et al. Effect of chloride salt type on chloride binding behavior of concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2012, 37: 512-517.

    [36] SONG Z J, JIANG L H, LIU J Z, et al. Influence of cation type on diffusion behavior of chloride ions in concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 99: 150-158.

    [37] ARYA C, BUENFELD N R, NEWMAN J B. Factors influencing chloride-binding in concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1990, 20(2): 291-300.

    [38] DE WEERDT K, COLOMBO A, COPPOLA L, et al. Impact of the associated cation on chloride binding of Portland cement paste[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2015, 68: 196-202.

    [39] CHU H Q, PAN C L, GUO M Z, et al. Influence of cation types on the stability of bound chloride ions in cement mortar simultaneously under electric field and SO2-4 attack[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 245: 118402.

    [40] JIANG L X, WANG J M, YANG M N, et al. Effect of Ca2+ and Na+ on the curing performance of chloride ions in cement under carbonization[J]. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2020, 13: e00430.

    [41] BREW D R M, GLASSER F P. Synthesis and characterisation of magnesium silicate hydrate gels[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2005, 35(1): 85-98.

    [42] POURSAEE A, LAURENT A, HANSSON C M. Corrosion of steel bars in OPC mortar exposed to NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2: macro- and micro-cell corrosion perspective[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2010, 40(3): 426-430.

    [43] CHENG S K, SHUI Z H, SUN T, et al. Effects of sulfate and magnesium ion on the chloride transportation behavior and binding capacity of Portland cement mortar[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 204: 265-275.

    [44] LABBEZ C, NONAT A, POCHARD I, et al. Experimental and theoretical evidence of overcharging of calcium silicate hydrate[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2007, 309(2): 303-307.

    [46] BEAUDOIN J J, RAMACHANDRAN V S, FELDMAN R F. Interaction of chloride and C-S-H[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1990, 20(6): 875-883.

    [47] VIALLIS H, FAUCON P, PETIT J C, et al. Interaction between salts (NaCl, CsCl) and calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H)[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 1999, 103(25): 5212-5219.

    [48] YOON S, HA J, CHAE S R, et al. X-ray spectromicroscopic study of interactions between NaCl and calcium silicate hydrates[J]. Magazine of Concrete Research, 2014, 66(3): 141-149.

    [49] ZHOU Y, HOU D S, JIANG J Y, et al. Experimental and molecular dynamics studies on the transport and adsorption of chloride ions in the nano-pores of calcium silicate phase: the influence of calcium to silicate ratios[J]. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2018, 255: 23-35.

    [50] TANG Y J, SCHOLLBACH K, BROUWERS H J H, et al. Effects of soluble magnesium on the structure of calcium silicate hydrate[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 302: 124402.

    [52] LOTHENBACH B, NIED D, L’HPITAL E, et al. Magnesium and calcium silicate hydrates[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2015, 77: 60-68.

    [54] HANSSON C M, FRLUND T, MARKUSSEN J B. The effect of chloride cation type on the corrosion of steel in concrete by chloride salts[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1985, 15(1): 65-73.

    [55] REVERTEGAT E, RICHET C, GEGOUT P. Effect of pH on the durability of cement pastes[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1992, 22(2/3): 259-272.

    [56] CAO H T, BUCEA L, RAY A, et al. The effect of cement composition and pH of environment on sulfate resistance of Portland cements and blended cements[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 1997, 19(2): 161-171.

    [58] REDDY B, GLASS G K, LIM P J, et al. On the corrosion risk presented by chloride bound in concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2002, 24(1): 1-5.

    [59] PAGE C L, VENNESLAND . Pore solution composition and chloride binding capacity of silica-fume cement pastes[J]. Matériaux et Construction, 1983, 16(1): 19-25.

    [60] GLASS G K, REDDY B, BUENFELD N R. The participation of bound chloride in passive film breakdown on steel in concrete[J]. Corrosion Science, 2000, 42(11): 2013-2021.

    [61] LOTHENBACH B, BARY B, LE BESCOP P, et al. Sulfate ingress in Portland cement[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2010, 40(8): 1211-1225.

    [62] IRASSAR E F, BONAVETTI V L, GONZALEZ M. Microstructural study of sulfate attack on ordinary and limestone Portland cements at ambient temperature[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2003, 33(1): 31-41.

    [63] LIU K W, MO L W, DENG M, et al. Deterioration mechanism of Portland cement paste subjected to sodium sulfate attack[J]. Advances in Cement Research, 2015, 27(8): 477-486.

    [64] DU J M, TANG Z Y, LI G, et al. Key inhibitory mechanism of external chloride ions on concrete sulfate attack[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 225: 611-619.

    [65] WU J, WEI J X, HUANG H L, et al. Effect of multiple ions on the degradation in concrete subjected to sulfate attack[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 259: 119846.

    [66] GENG J, EASTERBROOK D, LI L Y, et al. The stability of bound chlorides in cement paste with sulfate attack[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2015, 68: 211-222.

    [67] MAES M, DE BELIE N. Resistance of concrete and mortar against combined attack of chloride and sodium sulphate[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2014, 53: 59-72.

    [68] XU Y. The influence of sulphates on chloride binding and pore solution chemistry[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1997, 27(12): 1841-1850.

    [69] CHEN Y J, GAO J M, TANG L P, et al. Resistance of concrete against combined attack of chloride and sulfate under drying-wetting cycles[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 106: 650-658.

    [70] LUO R, CAI Y B, WANG C Y, et al. Study of chloride binding and diffusion in GGBS concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2003, 33(1): 1-7.

    [71] YONEZAWA T. The mechanism of fixing Cl- by cement hydrates resulting in the transformation of NaCl to NaOH[C]//International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction, Tokyo, 1989.

    [72] PAGE C L, SHORT N R, TARRAS A E. Diffusion of chloride ions in hardened cement pastes[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1981, 11(3): 395-406.

    [73] GOLLOP R S, TAYLOR H F W. Microstructural and microanalytical studies of sulfate attack. I. Ordinary Portland cement paste[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1992, 22(6): 1027-1038.

    [74] BONEN D, COHEN M D. Magnesium sulfate attack on Portland cement paste. II. Chemical and mineralogical analyses[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1992, 22(4): 707-718.

    [75] AL-AMOUDI O S B, MASLEHUDDIN M, ABDUL-AL Y A B. Role of chloride ions on expansion and strength reduction in plain and blended cements in sulfate environments[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 1995, 9(1): 25-33.

    [76] LIU P, CHEN Y, YU Z W, et al. Research on sulfate attack mechanism of cement concrete based on chemical thermodynamics[J]. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, 2020: 6916039.

    [77] LIU X, FENG P, LI W, et al. Effects of pH on the nano/micro structure of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) under sulfate attack[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2021, 140: 106306.

    [78] MATSUYAMA H, YOUNG J F. Effects of pH on precipitation of quasi-crystalline calcium silicate hydrate in aqueous solution[J]. Advances in Cement Research, 2000, 12(1): 29-33.

    [79] BACH T T H, CHABAS E, POCHARD I, et al. Retention of alkali ions by hydrated low-pH cements: mechanism and Na+/K+ selectivity[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2013, 51: 14-21.

    [80] WANG Y, NANUKUTTAN S, BAI Y, et al. Influence of combined carbonation and chloride ingress regimes on rate of ingress and redistribution of chlorides in concretes[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 140: 173-183.

    [81] LEE M K, SANG H J, OH B H. Effects of carbonation on chloride penetration in concrete[J]. ACI Materials Journal, 2013, 110(5): 559-566.

    [82] GENG J, EASTERBROOK D, LIU Q F, et al. Effect of carbonation on release of bound chlorides in chloride-contaminated concrete[J]. Magazine of Concrete Research, 2016, 68(7): 353-363.

    [83] LIU J, QIU Q W, CHEN X C, et al. Understanding the interacted mechanism between carbonation and chloride aerosol attack in ordinary Portland cement concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2017, 95: 217-225.

    [87] CHANG H L. Chloride binding capacity of pastes influenced by carbonation under three conditions[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2017, 84: 1-9.

    [88] SUN M, SUN C T, ZHANG P, et al. Influence of carbonation on chloride binding of mortars made with simulated marine sand[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 303: 124455.

    [89] KOBAYASHI K, SUZUKI K, UNO Y. Carbonation of concrete structures and decomposition of C-S-H[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1994, 24(1): 55-61.

    [90] GONI S, GUERRERO A. Accelerated carbonation of Friedel’s salt in calcium aluminate cement paste[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2003, 33(1): 21-26.

    [92] SURYAVANSHI A K, SCANTLEBURY J D, LYON S B. Corrosion of reinforcement steel embedded in high water-cement ratio concrete contaminated with chloride[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 1998, 20(4): 263-281.

    [93] YANG Z Q, GAO Y, MU S, et al. Improving the chloride binding capacity of cement paste by adding nano-Al2O3[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 195: 415-422.

    [96] DOUSTI A, BEAUDOIN J J, SHEKARCHI M. Chloride binding in hydrated MK, SF and natural zeolite-lime mixtures[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 154: 1035-1047.

    [97] PANESAR D K, CHIDIAC S E. Effect of cold temperature on the chloride-binding capacity of cement[J]. Journal of Cold Regions Engineering, 2011, 25(4): 133-144.

    [98] OGIRIGBO O R, BLACK L. Chloride binding and diffusion in slag blends: influence of slag composition and temperature[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 149: 816-825.

    [99] GUERRERO A, GOI S, ALLEGRO V R. Effect of temperature on the durability of class C fly ash belite cement in simulated radioactive liquid waste: synergy of chloride and sulphate ions[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 165(1/2/3): 903-908.

    [100] DHIR R K, EL-MOHR M A K, DYER T D. Developing chloride resisting concrete using PFA[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1997, 27(11): 1633-1639.

    [101] ARYA C, XU Y. Effect of cement type on chloride binding and corrosion of steel in concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1995, 25(4): 893-902.

    [102] RASHEEDUZZAFAR, HUSSAIN S E, AL-GAHTANI A S. Pore solution composition and reinforcement corrosion characteristics of microsilica blended cement concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1991, 21(6): 1035-1048.

    [103] DOUSTI A, SHEKARCHI M, ALIZADEH R, et al. Binding of externally supplied chlorides in micro silica concrete under field exposure conditions[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2011, 33(10): 1071-1079.

    [104] THOMAS M D A, HOOTON R D, SCOTT A, et al. The effect of supplementary cementitious materials on chloride binding in hardened cement paste[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2012, 42(1): 1-7.

    [106] SHI Z G, GEIKER M R, DE WEERDT K, et al. Role of calcium on chloride binding in hydrated Portland cement-metakaolin-limestone blends[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2017, 95: 205-216.

    GENG Yuanjie, SUN Congtao, SUN Ming, ZHANG Yuguo, DUAN Jizhou. Review on Mechanism of Chloride Ion Binding and Its Influencing Factors in Cement-Based Materials[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2022, 41(8): 2604
    Download Citation