Ice cloud is composed of tiny ice crystal particles， which generally appear at an altitude of more than 6 km. The interaction between ice crystal particles and light quantum signals will seriously affect the quantum satellite communication link. To study the influence of the ice crystal particles on the performance of quantum satellite communication， in this paper， first， according to the ice cloud light scattering model and the Mie scattering theory， the average extinction coefficient of the ice particles in the ice cloud is defined， and relationship between the link attenuation coefficient， ice cloud ice water content （IWC） and the transmission distance of quantum signal in the ice cloud are established ； then， for the amplitude damping channel， the relationship between channel capacity， channel average fidelity， channel survival function， channel error rate and ice cloud IWC and the transmission distance of quantum signal in ice cloud are established. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that when the transmission distance of quantum signal in ice cloud is 20 km， with the increase of ice cloud IWC， the link attenuation factor increases from 4.6 dB to 14.7 dB， the quantum channel capacity decreases from 0.250 bit/s to 0.089 bit/s， the average channel fidelity decreases sharply， the survival function decreases from 1.00 to 0.58， and the quantum channel error rate increases from 0.015 to 0.075. This shows that the ice crystal particles in the ice cloud have a significant impact on the communication quality of the quantum satellite. In order to improve the reliability of the quantum satellite communication system， the parameters of the quantum satellite communication system should be adjusted adaptively according to the relevant parameters of the ice cloud.