Since the corresponding rate of the photoelectric devices is limited and the laser radar needs to meet the requirements of higher distance resolution, linear frequency-modulated continuous-wave (LFMCW) laser radar′s relative bandwidth has to be larger than that of the microwave radar. The measuring theory of LFMCW microwave radar′s distance and velocity of moving targets cannot be applied directly to the laser radar. In order to detect the short-range high-speed moving target in real-time, a fast linear frequency modulated signal parameters estimation algorithm is proposed, according to the echo′s characteristics of laser radar target. This algorithm divides the IF signal into two sections symmetrically, then carries out Fourier transform of the IF signal to get the target′s distance and speed information. If the target distance is 50 m, speed is 1000 m/s, and IF signal to noise ratio (SNR) is 0, the radar′s ranging error is less than 15 mm and velocity error is less than 10 m/s. Results of simulation experiment show that the algorithm has high measuring precision and strong anti-jamming capability.