Author Affiliations
1Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System, Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China2Engineering Research Center of Industrial CT Nondestructive Testing of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of signal crosstalk in scintillation screen. (a) Schematic diagram of X-ray scattering crosstalk and fluorescence crosstalk; (b) response distribution of CCD pixel to fluorescence
Fig. 2. Simulation model of X-ray scattering
Fig. 3. Simulation results of X-ray scattering. (a) X-ray absorbed dose distribution in the 1st layer of scintillation screen; (b) ray scattering crosstalk rate curves of central row pixels in the 1st, 25th, and 50th layers of scintillation screen
Fig. 4. Simulation model of fluorescence crosstalk
Fig. 5. Simulation results of fluorescence crosstalk. (a) CCD absorption distribution of fluorescence of central voxel in the 1st layer of scintillation screen; (b) fluorescence crosstalk rate curves of central row pixels of the 1st, 25th, and 50th layers in scintillation screen
Fig. 6. Effect of numerical aperture of optical fiber panel on spatial resolution of scintillation screen. (a) NA=1.0; (b) NA=0.6; (c) NA=0.2
Fig. 7. X-ray radiation imaging test platform
Fig. 8. Main components of CCD detector. (a) Fiber optic panel with NA=1; (b) KAF-8300 image sensor; (c) GAGG_Ce scintillator; (d) optical panel with NA=0.2
Fig. 9. Physical image of component coupling. (a) Before adding low numerical aperture fiber; (b) after adding low numerical aperture fiber
Fig. 10. Physical image of spatial resolution test sample. (a) Double-filament image quality indicator; (b) razor blade
Fig. 11. Spatial resolution results measured by double-filament image quality indicator method. (a)(b) Before adding low numerical aperture fiber; (c)(d) after adding low numerical aperture fiber
Fig. 12. Spatial resolution results measured by knife-edge method. (a)(b) Before adding low numerical aperture fiber; (c)(d) after adding low numerical aperture fiber
Parameter | Value |
---|
Type of scintillator | GAGG_Ce(Gd3Al2Ga3O12∶Ge) | Density of scintillator /(g·cm-3) | 6.63 | Size of scintillator /(μm×μm×μm) | 110×110×500 | Number of particles tracked | 1×107 | Size of single element /(μm×μm×μm) | 10×10×10 | X-ray energy /keV | 20~100 | Cross section size of incident ray /(μm×μm) | 10×10 |
|
Table 1. Main parameters for Monte Carlo simulation
X-ray energy /keV | Crosstalk rate in the 1st layer /% | Crosstalk rate in the 25th layer /% | Crosstalk rate in the 50th layer /% |
---|
20 | 0.69 | 1.05 | | 40 | 3.80 | 4.13 | 4.05 | 60 | 3.96 | 4.92 | 4.20 | 80 | 6.09 | 7.12 | 6.45 | 100 | 10.21 | 11.59 | 10.49 |
|
Table 2. Scattering crosstalk rate of maximal absorbed dose voxel to its adjacent voxels
Parameter | Value |
---|
Size of luminous body /(μm×μm×μm) | 10×10×10 | Size of scintillator /(μm×μm×μm) | 2000×2000×500 | Power of luminous body /W | 1 | Refractive index of GAGG_Ce | 1.91 | Refractive index of coupling agent | 1.43 | Thickness of coupling agent /μm | 3 | Numerical aperture of optical fiber | 1.43 | Number of particles tracked | 1×107 |
|
Table 3. Main parameters for fluorescence crosstalk simulation
Location of luminous body | Crosstalk rate /% |
---|
1st layer | 98.67 | 25th layer | 97.04 | 50th layer | 25.92 |
|
Table 4. Crosstalk rate of fluorescence of central voxel to adjacent pixels
NA | EX /keV |
---|
20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 |
---|
0.2 | 0.57 | 0.32 | 0.38 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.6 | 5.39 | 3.02 | 3.62 | 3.03 | 2.37 | 1.0 | 12.07 | 6.77 | 8.10 | 6.79 | 5.31 |
|
Table 5. X-ray conversion factors under different numerical apertures of optical fiber panels
NA | Spatial resolution /(lp·mm-1) |
---|
Simulation | Experiment |
---|
1.0 | 25 | 17 | 0.2 | 50 | 62 |
|
Table 6. Comparison of spatial resolution results obtained by simulation and experiment