On the basis of studying the concept and solution of spectral compression,a kind of novel compression solution is proposed. Different from spectral compression via algorithm,our solution focuses on optical system. A coded aperture is utilized,and the coding process is snapshot,and decoding algorithm corresponding the coding form to reconstruct the spectrum is chosen. Two kinds of specific coded aperture are presented which are based on wavelet transform and deficiency matrix. Decoding reconstruction via inverse wavelet transform and gradient projection for sparse reconstruction iterative algorithm is presented. Then compressive ratio and fidelity of two kinds of coded aperture are demonstrated by comparison of the spectral simulating acquired via the real spectrometer. It is possible to reconstruct signal-specific information at the lowest sampling rate,and the general principle of coded aperture compression is summarized.