Raman spectral characteristics of ammonium sulfate solution are studied experimentally and several typical Raman peaks of SO2-4 in ammonium sulfate solution are obtained. There is a linear relationship between the concentration of SO2-4 and the corresponding Raman peak intensity. A relational database between the Raman spectral parameters and the ion concentrations is built according to the experimental results. In order to validate the experimental results, the geometry of SO2-4 is optimized and the vibrational frequency of the ions is calculated by Gaussian 03 and Hartree-Fock methods (ab initio calculation). Through the comparison between the theoretical vibrational frequency and the experimental results, it is found that the experimental results and the theoretical calculations coincide quite well. The results confirm the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for the quantitative analysis of ammonium sulfate. It also has some reference value on identifying ammonium category, measuring different salt content precisely, producing ammonium salt and so on.