• Advanced Photonics
  • Vol. 7, Issue 3, 036004 (2025)
Hooman Barati Sedeh1, Renee C. George1, Fangxing Lai2, Hao Li2..., Wenhao Li1, Yuruo Zheng1, Dmitrii Tstekov1, Jiannan Gao1, Austin Moore3, Jesse Frantz3, Jingbo Sun4, Shumin Xiao2 and Natalia M. Litchinitser1,*|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1Duke University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
  • 2Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen, China
  • 3Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
  • 4Tsinghua University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing, China
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    DOI: 10.1117/1.AP.7.3.036004 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Hooman Barati Sedeh, Renee C. George, Fangxing Lai, Hao Li, Wenhao Li, Yuruo Zheng, Dmitrii Tstekov, Jiannan Gao, Austin Moore, Jesse Frantz, Jingbo Sun, Shumin Xiao, Natalia M. Litchinitser, "Toward the meta-atom library: experimental validation of machine learning-based Mie-tronics," Adv. Photon. 7, 036004 (2025) Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    Although predicting light scattering by homogeneous spherical particles is a relatively straightforward problem that can be solved analytically, manipulating and studying the scattering behavior of non-spherical particles is a more challenging and time-consuming task, with a plethora of applications ranging from optical manipulation to wavefront engineering, and nonlinear harmonic generation. Recently, physics-driven machine learning (ML) has proven to be instrumental in addressing this challenge. However, most studies on Mie-tronics that leverage ML for optimization and design have been performed and validated through numerical approaches. Here, we report an experimental validation of an ML-based design method that significantly accelerates the development of all-dielectric complex-shaped meta-atoms supporting specified Mie-type resonances at the desired wavelength, circumventing the conventional time-consuming approaches. We used ML to design isolated meta-atoms with specific electric and magnetic responses, verified them within the quasi-normal mode expansion framework, and explored the effects of the substrate and periodic arrangements of such meta-atoms. Finally, we proposed implementing the designed meta-atoms to generate a third harmonic within the vacuum ultraviolet spectrum. Because the implemented method allowed for the swift transition from design to fabrication, the optimized meta-atoms were fabricated, and their corresponding scattering spectra were measured.
    Esct(n)=k02exp(ik0r)4πϵ0r([n×[D×n]]+1c[m×n]+ik06[n×[n×Q^n]]+ik02c[n×M^n]+k026[n×[n×O^(e)(nn)]]),

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    σsctk0412πϵ02η0I0|D|2+k04μ012πϵ0η0I0|m|2+k061440πϵ02η0I0i,j|Qij|2+k06μ0160πϵ0η0I0i,j|Mij|2+k083780πϵ02η0I0i,j,l|Oijl(e)|2+k08μ03780πϵ0η0I0i,j,l|Oijl(m)|2,

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    D=iωj0(k0r)J(r)dr  +ikd22ωj2(kdr)(kdr)2[3(r·J)rr2J]dr,m=32j1(kdr)kdr[r×J]dr,M^=5j2(kdr)(kdr)2([r×J]r+r[r×J])dr,Q^=3iωj1(kdr)kdr[3(rJ+Jr)2(r·J)I¯¯]dr+i6kd2ωj3(kdr)(kdr)3[5(r·J)rrr2(Jr+rJ)(J·r)r2I¯¯]dr,O^(e)=15iωj2(kdr)(kdr)2(Jrr+rJr+rrJA^)dr,O^(m)=1054j3(kdr)(kdr)3([r×J]rr+r[r×J]r+rr[r×J]B^)dr,

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    Hooman Barati Sedeh, Renee C. George, Fangxing Lai, Hao Li, Wenhao Li, Yuruo Zheng, Dmitrii Tstekov, Jiannan Gao, Austin Moore, Jesse Frantz, Jingbo Sun, Shumin Xiao, Natalia M. Litchinitser, "Toward the meta-atom library: experimental validation of machine learning-based Mie-tronics," Adv. Photon. 7, 036004 (2025)
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