• Journal of Resources and Ecology
  • Vol. 11, Issue 2, 223 (2020)
RAI Raju1、2、*, PAUDEL Basanta1, Changjun GU1、2, and Raj KHANAL Narendra1
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
  • 2College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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    DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2020.02.010 Cite this Article
    RAI Raju, PAUDEL Basanta, Changjun GU, Raj KHANAL Narendra. Change in the Distribution of National Bird (Himalayan Monal) Habitat in Gandaki River Basin, Central Himalayas[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020, 11(2): 223 Copy Citation Text show less
    Location of the GRB and species occurrences
    Fig. 1. Location of the GRB and species occurrences
    Current (a, 2010) and projected (b, 2050) LULC
    Fig. 2. Current (a, 2010) and projected (b, 2050) LULC
    Land cover changes along the altitudinal gradient
    Fig. 3. Land cover changes along the altitudinal gradient
    Environmental variables and contributions Note: See Table 1 for descriptions of the variables.
    Fig. 4. Environmental variables and contributions Note: See Table 1 for descriptions of the variables.
    Projected habitat changes of HM within the GRB in the future (by 2050)
    Fig. 5. Projected habitat changes of HM within the GRB in the future (by 2050)
    Current (a) and predicted (b) habitat distributions in the GRB
    Fig. 6. Current (a) and predicted (b) habitat distributions in the GRB
    Changes in very high suitability habitat at different elevation ranges in the GRB
    Fig. 7. Changes in very high suitability habitat at different elevation ranges in the GRB
    VariableDescriptionRetained or excluded
    ClimateBio 1Annual mean temperature
    Bio 2Mean diurnal range
    Bio 3Isothermality
    Bio 4Temperature seasonality
    Bio 5Max temperature of warmest month
    Bio 6Min temperature of coldest month
    Bio 7Temperature annual range (Bio 5, 6)×
    Bio 8Mean temperature of wettest quarter
    Bio 9Mean temperature of driest quarter×
    Bio 10Mean temperature of warmest quarter
    Bio 11Mean temperature of coldest quarter×
    Bio 12Annual precipitation
    Bio 13Precipitation of wettest month×
    Bio 14Precipitation of driest month
    Bio 15Precipitation seasonality
    Bio 16Precipitation of wettest quarter
    Bio 17Precipitation of driest quarter
    Bio 18Precipitation of warmest quarter
    Bio 19Precipitation of coldest quarter
    TopographyElevation, slope, aspect
    Land coverLand cover data at 30 m spatial resolution
    Table 1.

    Environmental variables and their descriptions

    LULC types20102050
    Area (km2)Percentage (%)Area (km2)Percentage (%)
    Forest1317440.151134434.58
    Shrubland8212.5010723.27
    Grassland379811.58336610.26
    Agricultural land757423.09837925.54
    Barren land328410.0131479.59
    Water body1680.511150.35
    Snow/Glacier388711.85521815.91
    Built-up area1010.311660.51
    Total3280710032807100
    Table 2.

    Current (2010) and projected (2050) land use and land cover (LULC) types

    Habitat suitabilityCurrentFuture
    Very high748.50560.54
    High1532.99846.76
    Medium2625.701849.90
    Low4520.889201.65
    Very low23379.7420349.06
    Table 3.

    The suitability status of current and predicted future habitat areas (km2)

    RAI Raju, PAUDEL Basanta, Changjun GU, Raj KHANAL Narendra. Change in the Distribution of National Bird (Himalayan Monal) Habitat in Gandaki River Basin, Central Himalayas[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020, 11(2): 223
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