Association between central obesity and executive function as assessed by stroop task performance: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Zhangyan Deng; Qin Huang; Jiaai Huang; Weixia Zhang; Changzhu Qi; Xia Xu

doi:10.1142/s1793545817500109

[1] World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory (GHO) data (2014).

[2] World Health Organization, Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic (2000).

[3] P. L. Yau et al., “Obesity and metabolic syndrome and functional and structural brain impairments in adolescence," Pediatrics 130, e856-e864 (2012).

[4] K. C. Willeumier, D. V. Taylor, D. G. Amen, “Elevated BMI is associated with decreased blood flow in the prefrontal cortex using SPECT imaging in healthy adults," Obesity 19, 1095-1097 (2011).

[5] J. Liang et al., “Neurocognitive correlates of obesity and obesity-related behaviors in children and adolescents," Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 38, 494-506 (2014).

[6] E. Smith et al., “A review of the association between obesity and cognitive function across the lifespan: Implications for novel approaches to prevention and treatment," Obesity Rev. 12, 740-755 (2011).

[7] I. Janssen, P. T. Katzmarzyk, R. Ross, “Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk," Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79, 379-384 (2004).

[8] M. S. Micozzi, D. Albanes, “Three limitations of the body mass index," Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 46, 376-377 (1987).

[9] M. C. Pouliot et al., “Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: Best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women," Am. J. Cardiol. 73, 460-468 (1994).

[10] S. B. Votruba, M. D. Jensen, “Regional fat deposition as a factor in FFA metabolism," Annu. Rev. Nutr. 27, 149-163 (2007).

[11] M. M. Gonzales et al., “Indirect effects of elevated body mass index on memory performance through altered cerebral metabolite concentrations," Psychosom. Med. 74, 691-698 (2012).

[12] D. H. Schwartz et al., “Visceral fat is associated with lower executive functioning in adolescents," Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 37, 1336-1343 (2013).

[13] M. M. Gonzales et al., “Central adiposity and the functional magnetic resonance imaging response to cognitive challenge," Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 38, 1193-1199 (2014).

[14] D. H. Yoon et al., “The relationship between visceral adiposity and cognitive performance in older adults," Age Ageing 41, 456-461 (2012).

[15] S. Kaur et al., “Central adiposity and cortical thickness in midlife," Psychosom. Med. 77, 671-678 (2015).

[16] P. Nestel et al., “Metabolic syndrome: Recent prevalence in East and Southeast Asian populations," Asia Pacific J. Clin. Nutr. 16, 362-367 (2007).

[17] S. Fitzpatrick, S. Gilbert, L. Serpell, “Systematic review: Are overweight and obese individuals impaired on behavioural tasks of executive functioning " Neuropsychol. Rev. 23, 138-156 (2013).

[18] K. Byun et al., “Positive effect of acute mild exercise on executive function via arousal-related prefrontal activations: An fNIRS study," NeuroImage 98, 336-345 (2014).

[19] S. Nagamitsu et al., “Prefrontal brain function in children with anorexia nervosa: A near-infrared spectroscopy study," Brain Dev. 33, 35-44 (2011).

[20] D. Val-Laillet et al., “Neuroimaging and neuromodulation approaches to study eating behavior and prevent and treat eating disorders and obesity," NeuroImage Clin. 8, 1-31 (2015).

[21] M. Ferrari, V. Quaresima, “A brief review on the history of human functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) development and fields of application," NeuroImage 63, 921-935 (2012).

[22] K. C. Willeumier, D. V. Taylor, D. G. Amen, “Elevated BMI is associated with decreased blood flow in the prefrontal cortex using SPECT imaging in healthy adults," Obesity 19, 1095-1097 (2011).

[23] International Diabetes Federation, The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome, IDF Communications (2006).

[24] A. C. Ehlis et al., “Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy detects specific inferior-frontal activation during incongruent Stroop trials," Biol. Psychol. 69, 315-331 (2005).

[25] M. L. Schroeter et al., “Near-infrared spectroscopy can detect brain activity during a color-word matching Stroop task in an event-related design," Hum. Brain Mapp. 17, 61-71 (2002).

[26] M. Okamoto et al., “Structural atlas-based spatial registration for functional near-infrared spectroscopy enabling inter-study data integration," Clin. Neurophysiol. 120, 1320-1328 (2009).

[27] M. Okamoto et al., “Three-dimensional probabilistic anatomical cranio-cerebral correlation via the international 10 20 system oriented for transcranial functional brain mapping," NeuroImage 21, 99-111 (2004).

[28] D. Tsuzuki et al., “Virtual spatial registration of stand-alone fNIRS data to MNI space," NeuroImage 34, 1506-1518 (2007).

[29] H. Yanagisawa et al., “Acute moderate exercise elicits increased dorsolateral prefrontal activation and improves cognitive performance with Stroop test," NeuroImage 50, 1702-1710 (2010).

[30] D. W. Shattuck et al., “Construction of a 3D probabilistic atlas of human cortical structures," NeuroImage 39, 1064-1080 (2008).

[31] A. K. Singh, I. Dan, “Exploring the false discovery rate in multichannel NIRS," NeuroImage 33, 542-549 (2006).

[32] D. Sz cs, C. Killikelly, S. Cutini, “Event-related near-infrared spectroscopy detects conflict in the motor cortex in a Stroop task," Brain Res 1477, 27-36 (2012).

[33] S. Cutini, P. Scatturin, M. Zorzi, “A new method based on ICBM152 head surface for probe placement in multichannel fNIRS," NeuroImage 54, 919-927 (2011).

[34] D. S. Le et al., “Less activation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in response to a meal: a feature of obesity," Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84, 725-731 (2006).

[35] S. R. Waldstein, L. I. Katzel, “Interactive relations of central versus total obesity and blood pressure to cognitive function," Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 30, 201-207 (2006).

[36] M. D'Esposito et al., “The effect of normal aging on the coupling of neural activity to the bold hemodynamic response," NeuroImage 10, 6-14 (1999).

[37] R. B. Buxton et al., “Modeling the hemodynamic response to brain activation," NeuroImage 23 (Supplement 1), S220-S233 (2004).

[38] E. Stice et al., “Relation of reward from food intake and anticipated food intake to obesity: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study," J. Abnorm. Psychol. 117, 924-935 (2008).

[39] R. A. Whitmer et al., “Central obesity and increased risk of dementia more than three decades later," Neurology 71, 1057-1064 (2008).

[40] P. A. Wolf et al., “Relation of obesity to cognitive function: Importance of central obesity and synergistic influence of concomitant hypertension. The framingham heart study," Curr. Alzheimer Res. 4, 111-116 (2007).

[41] F. I. Kishinevsky et al., “fMRI reactivity on a delay discounting task predicts weight gain in obese women," Appetite 58, 582-592 (2012).

[42] D. Val-Laillet et al., “Changes in brain activity after a diet-induced obesity," Obesity 19, 749-756 (2011).

[43] S. Sabia et al., “Body mass index over the adult life course and cognition in late midlife: The Whitehall II Cohort Study,"Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 89, 601-607 (2009).

[44] A. K. Dahl et al., “Body mass index across midlife and cognitive change in late life," Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 37, 296-302 (2013).

[45] A. R. Aron, T. W. Robbins, R. A. Poldrack, “Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex: One decade on," Trends Cogn. Sci. 18, 177-185 (2014).

[46] B. U. Forstmann et al., “Function and structure of the right inferior frontal cortex predict individual differences in response inhibition: A model-based approach," J. Neurosci. 28, 9790-9796 (2008).

[47] T. Hodgson et al., “The role of the ventrolateral frontal cortex in inhibitory oculomotor control," Brain 130, 1525-1537 (2007).

[48] A. R. Aron, T. W. Robbins, R. A. Poldrack, “Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex," Trends Cogn. Sci. 8, 170-177 (2004).

[49] W. A. Banks et al., “Triglycerides induce leptin resistance at the blood-brain barrier," Diabetes 53, 1253-1260 (2004).

[50] T. Reinehr et al., “High-sensitive C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and cardiovascular risk factors before and after weight loss in obese children," Metabolism 54, 1155-1161 (2005).

[51] J. N. Trollor et al., “Systemic inflammation is associated with MCI and its subtypes: The Sydney memory and aging study," Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 30, 569-578 (2010).

[52] J. A. Luchsinger et al., “Central obesity in the elderly is related to late-onset Alzheimer disease," Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 26, 101-105 (2012).

[53] A. Zeki Al Hazzouri et al., “Central obesity, leptin and cognitive decline: The Sacramento area latino study on aging," Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 33, 400-409 (2012).

[54] R. A. Whitmer et al., “Central obesity and increased risk of dementia more than three decades later," Neurology 71, 1057-1064 (2008).

[55] L. Maayan et al., “Disinhibited eating in obese adolescents is associated with orbitofrontal volume reductions and executive dysfunction," Obesity 19, 1382-1387 (2011).

[56] E. Stice, S. Yokum, “Neural vulnerability factors that increase risk for future weight gain," Psychol. Bull. 142, 447-471 (2016).

[57] M. A. Cornier et al., “Sex-based differences in the behavioral and neuronal responses to food," Physiol. Behav. 99, 538-543 (2010).

[58] N. Ramnani, A. M. Owen, “Anterior prefrontal cortex: Insights into function from anatomy and neuroimaging," Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5, 184-194 (2004).

[59] S. Ramage et al., “Healthy strategies for successful weight loss and weight maintenance: A systematic review," Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 39, 1-20 (2014).

[60] P. A. Hall et al., “A social neuroscience perspective on physical activity," J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 30, 432-449 (2008).

[61] M. Alonso-Alonso, A. Pascual-Leone, “The right brain hypothesis for obesity," JAMA 297, 1819-1822 (2007).

[62] V. Carson et al., “Systematic review of sedentary behavior and cognitive development in early childhood," Prevent. Med. 78, 115-122 (2015).

[63] A. Diamond et al., “Preschool program improves cognitive control," Science 318, 1387-1388 (2007).

[64] B. M. Appelhans, “Neurobehavioral inhibition of reward-driven feeding: Implications for dieting and obesity," Obesity 17, 640-647 (2009).