Author Affiliations
1College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China2Research Center for Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311100, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Structure of large-view field endocytoscopic imaging system with nuclear segmentation function
Fig. 2. Design and assembly of zoom endoscopic objective lens with large-view field. (a) Optical structure; (b) endocytoscopic imaging module; (c) endocytoscopic tip
Fig. 3. Modulation transfer function (MIF) of two imaging modes of zoom endoscopic objective lens with large-view field. (a) Conventional imaging mode; (b) magnifying imaging mode
Fig. 4. Spot diagrams of two imaging modes of zoom endoscopic objective lens with large-view field. (a) Conventional imaging mode; (b) magnifying imaging mode
Fig. 5. Imaging performance experimental system
Fig. 6. Images of resolution target captured by endocytoscopic imaging system with large-view field. (a) Conventional imaging; (b) micro-imaging
Fig. 7. Comparison of photos captured by endocytoscopic imaging system with large-view field and digital pathology section scanner. (a) Photo captured by endocytoscopic imaging system with large-view field; (b) photo captured by digital pathology section scanner
Fig. 8. Training and inference procedures of U-Net nuclear segmentation model
Fig. 9. Structure of U-Net nuclear segmentation model
Fig. 10. Nuclear segmentation results of U-Net model. (a)(c)(e) Original images; (b)(d)(f) segmentation results
Technical parameter | Value |
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Diameter /mm | <3 | Zoom-focus /mm | 0--100 | Field of view /(°) | 140 | F number | 6 | Camera target /inch | 1/6 |
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Table 1. Design requirements of zoom endoscopic objective lens with large-view field
Imaging system | Year | Magnifying power(monitor size) | Field of view /(μm×μm) | Magnifying mode |
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XEC120U[6] | 2003 | 1125 (14 inch) | 120×120 | Fixed | XEC300F[6] | 2003 | 450 (14 inch) | 300×300 | Fixed | GIF-Y0001[7] | 2005 | 450 (14 inch) | 400×400 | Fixed | GIF-Y0002[9] | 2009 | 380 (19 inch) | 700×600 | Gradual increase | GIF-Y0074[10] | 2015 | 500 (26 inch) | 570×500 | Gradual increase | Ours | - | 500 (27 inch) | 1200×670 | Gradual increase |
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Table 2. Comparison of parameters of endocytoscopic imaging systems
Test image | A /% | Sp /% | Se /% | D |
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Test_1 | 95.08 | 96.44 | 73.68 | 0.6409 | Test_2 | 97.47 | 98.01 | 92.26 | 0.8726 | Test_3 | 96.70 | 97.04 | 91.11 | 0.7559 | Test_4 | 97.68 | 98.06 | 91.99 | 0.8316 | Test_5 | 98.65 | 99.12 | 92.52 | 0.9076 | Test_6 | 92.94 | 97.61 | 72.45 | 0.7922 | Test_7 | 95.84 | 96.98 | 70.36 | 0.5915 | Test_8 | 98.29 | 99.21 | 76.54 | 0.7841 | Test_9 | 95.46 | 96.39 | 88.57 | 0.8223 | Test_10 | 97.69 | 98.51 | 83.92 | 0.8042 | Average | 96.58 | 97.74 | 83.52 | 0.7803 | Maximum | 98.65 | 99.21 | 92.52 | 0.9076 | Minimum | 92.94 | 96.39 | 70.36 | 0.5915 |
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Table 3. Segmentation of U-Net nuclear segmentation model on the test images