Hyperspectral Indices for Identification of Red Pigments Used in Cultural Relic

De-hui LI; Tai-xia WU; Shu-dong WANG; Zhe-hua LI; Yi-wei TIAN; Xiao-long FEI; Yang LIU; Yong LEI; Guang-hua LI

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2022)05-1588-07

Journals >Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis >Volume 42 >Issue 5 >Page 1588 > Article

Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis
Vol. 42, Issue 5, 1588 (2022)

Hyperspectral Indices for Identification of Red Pigments Used in Cultural Relic

De-hui LI^1、*, Tai-xia WU^{1、1; *;}, Shu-dong WANG^{2、2; *;}, Zhe-hua LI^1、1;, Yi-wei TIAN^1、1;, Xiao-long FEI^1、1;, Yang LIU^1、1;, Yong LEI^3、3;, and Guang-hua LI^3、3;

Author Affiliations

¹1. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China

²2. Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

³3. The Palace Museum, Beijing 100009, China

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DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2022)05-1588-07 Cite this Article

De-hui LI, Tai-xia WU, Shu-dong WANG, Zhe-hua LI, Yi-wei TIAN, Xiao-long FEI, Yang LIU, Yong LEI, Guang-hua LI. Hyperspectral Indices for Identification of Red Pigments Used in Cultural Relic[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2022, 42(5): 1588 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. Spectral curves of 10 kinds of red pigments

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Fig. 2. Differential reflectivity spectral curves based on cinnabar Ⅰ as a target pigment

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Fig. 3. Differential reflectivity spectral curves after removing curves of pigments clearly distinguished from cinnabar Ⅰ

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Fig. 4. Discrimination of 10 kinds of red pigments

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Fig. 5. The selected feature wavelengths and 10 spectral curves of red pigments

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Fig. 6. Cinnabar pigment extracted by using VNIR-SWIR imaging spectral data
(a): Part of the ancient painting; (b): Cinnabar pigment white areas extracted by CNDSI; (c): Iron oxide red pigment (white areas) extracted by INDSI; (Both have been verified by chemical analysis)

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序号	颜料	主要化学成分
1	辰砂	HgS (纯度为98%)
2	胭脂	Mg₃(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂, ZnO
3	银朱	HgS (Hg:S=5:1)
4	朱膘	HgS (颗粒直径略小于朱砂矿Cinnabar Ⅱ)
5	朱砂	HgS (纯度为93%)
6	赭石	Fe₂O₃ (富含Fe₂O₃的块状铁矿石)
7	赭粉	Fe₂O₃ (赭石粉末)
8	铁红	Fe₂O₃ (纯净化合物)
9	土红	Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃
10	西洋红	Br(CO₃)₂

Table 1. The main chemical compositions of 10 kinds of red pigments used in this study

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指数	A	B	C
CNDSI₁	0.222 8	0.590 4	1.678 7
CNDSI₂	0.229 7	0.560 4	1.590 3
CNDSI₃	0.046 4	0.123 9	0.920 6
CNDSI₄	0.007 3	0.012 2	1.538 9
CNDSI₅	0.178 2	0.709 6	1.963 0
CNDSI₆	0.185 2	0.667 7	1.844 3

Table 2. Calculation results of 6 spectral indices of cinnabar Ⅰ

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序号	种类	指数值	区分度
1	辰砂	0.178 2	0.000 0
2	胭脂	0.764 8	5.293 0
3	银朱	0.051 7	0.709 6
4	朱膘	0.089 4	1.501 6
5	朱砂	0.014 3	0.919 9
6	赭石	0.180 4	2.012 4
7	赭粉	0.040 4	1.227 0
8	铁红	0.006 0	0.966 2
9	土红	0.189 8	2.065 2
10	西洋红	0.351 3	2.972 0

Table 3. Calculation results of CNDSI for 10 kinds of red pigments

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颜料种类	光谱特征指数	指数值	最小区分度
辰砂	CNDSI= $\frac{1}{2} (\frac{R_{2381} - R_{1256}}{R_{2381} + R_{1256}})$	0.178 2	0.709 6
胭脂	RNDSI= $\frac{1}{2} (\frac{R_{2054} - R_{2280}}{R_{2054} + R_{2280}})$	0.239 5	0.724 2
银朱	VNDSI= $\frac{1}{2} (\frac{R_{981} - R_{2241}}{R_{981} + R_{2241}})$	0.048 3	0.934 3
朱膘	ZNDSI= $\frac{1}{2} (\frac{R_{2046} - R_{2397}}{R_{2046} + R_{2397}})$	0.028 9	1.157 9
朱砂	CnNDSI= $\frac{1}{2} (\frac{R_{923} - R_{1249}}{R_{923} + R_{1249}})$	0.005 7	1.541 8
赭石	ONDSI= $\frac{1}{2} (\frac{R_{1767} - R_{2130}}{R_{1767} + R_{2130}})$	0.007 5	4.065 8
赭粉	PNDSI= $\frac{1}{2} (\frac{R_{1001} - R_{2135}}{R_{1001} + R_{2135}})$	0.004 3	3.864 7
铁红	INDSI= $\frac{1}{2} (\frac{R_{1694} - R_{2400}}{R_{1694} + R_{2400}})$	0.010 8	1.070 5
土红	TNDSI= $\frac{1}{2} (\frac{R_{1264} - R_{1596}}{R_{1264} + R_{1596}})$	0.001 3	2.991 2
西洋红	WNDSI= $\frac{1}{2} (\frac{R_{968} - R_{1091}}{R_{968} + R_{1091}})$	0.001 9	1.468 5

Table 4. Spectral characteristic indices, index values and the minimum discrimination of 10 kinds of red pigments

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