• Chinese Optics Letters
  • Vol. 14, Issue 3, 032701 (2016)
Tao Li*, Mingyang Li, and Junming Huang
Author Affiliations
  • Department of Physics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/COL201614.032701 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Tao Li, Mingyang Li, Junming Huang. Quantum Fisher information of triphoton states[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2016, 14(3): 032701 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    Based on the standard angular momentum theory, we create an experiment on preparing maximally path-entangled (|N,0 +|0,N )2 (NOON) states of triphotons. In order to explain the error between the theoretical and experimental data, we consider the background events during the experiment, and observe their effect on the uncertainty in S^1. Afterwards, we calculate the quantum Fisher information (QFI) of the states to evaluate their potential applications in quantum metrology. Our results show that by adding the appropriate background terms, the theoretical data of the produced states matches well with the experimental data. In this case, the QFI of the states is lower than maximally entangled NOON states, but still higher than a classical state.
    S^0=12(a^Ha^H+a^Va^V)=12(n^H+n^V),S^1=12(a^Ha^Ha^Va^V)=12(n^Hn^V),S^2=12(a^Ha^V+a^Va^H)=12(n^Dn^A),S^3=12(a^Ha^Va^Va^H)=12(n^Rn^L),(1)

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    |ψVPP=TS^1(aH2aV2)aH|0=13+T4(3|32,32T2|32,12),(2)

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    |ψout=x0(|3,0H,Vi|0,3H,V)+y0(i|2,1H,V|1,2H,V),(3)

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    (ΔS^1)2=S^12S^12=12(9x02+y02).(4)

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    |ψ1=TS^1122a^H(a^H2a^V2)|0=3|32,32T2|32,123+T4,|ψ2=TS^1122(a^H2a^V2)(a^H+a^V)|0=3|32,32+T|32,12T2|32,123T3|32,323+T2+T4+3T6,|ψ3=TS^1122(a^H2a^V2)(a^Ha^V)|0=3|32,32T|32,12T2|32,12+3T3|32,323+T2+T4+3T6,(5)

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    ρ^=λ1|ψ1ψ1|+λ2|ψ2ψ2|+λ3|ψ3ψ3|,(6)

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    ρ^QWP=eiπS^22ρ^eiπS^22=λ1|ψ˜1ψ˜1|+λ2|ψ˜2ψ˜2|+λ3|ψ˜3ψ˜3|,(7)

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    |ψ˜k=eiπS^22|ψk=xk(|32,32i|32,32)+yk(i|32,12|32,12),(8)

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    xk=122(ak+i3bk3ckidk),yk=122(3akibk+cki3dk).(9)

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    (ΔS^1)2=S^12S^12=k=13λk2(9|xk|2+|yk|2).(10)

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    (ΔS^1)2=λ1(7T4+9+12T2)4T4+12+(1λ1)(9T6+19T4+9+19T2)2(T4+3T6+T2+3).(11)

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    FQ(|ψout)=4(ΔS^1)2=7T4+9+12T2T4+3,(12)

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    ρ^(ϕ)=eiϕS^1ρ^QWPeiϕS^1=k=13λk|ψk(ϕ)ψk(ϕ)|,(13)

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    |ψk(ϕ)=eiϕS^1|ψ˜k(ϕ)=A1k|32,32+A2k|32,12+A3k|32,12+A4k|32,32,(14)

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    A1k=ei32ϕxk,A2k=iei12ϕxk,A3k=ei12ϕyk,A4k=iei32ϕyk.(15)

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    FQ=m(ϕξm(ϕ))2ξm(ϕ)+mξm(ϕ)FQ,mm,nmn8ξm(ϕ)ξn(ϕ)ξm(ϕ)+ξn(ϕ)|ϕξm(ϕ)|ξn(ϕ)|2,(16)

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    FQ,m=4(ϕξm(ϕ)|ϕξm(ϕ)|ϕξm(ϕ)|ξm(ϕ)|2)(17)

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    ρ^(ϕ)=k=14l=14ηkl|32,52k32,52l|,(18)

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    ηc=ξc,(19)

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    η=(0.250.25ieiϕ000.25ieiϕ0.2500000.250.25ieiϕ000.25ieiϕ0.25),(20)

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    |ξ1(ϕ)=22iei32ϕ|32,32+22ei12ϕ|32,12,(21)

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    |ξ2(ϕ)=22iei12ϕ|32,12+22ei32ϕ|32,32.(22)

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    Tao Li, Mingyang Li, Junming Huang. Quantum Fisher information of triphoton states[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2016, 14(3): 032701
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