Iron rich porcelain has an important position in the history of Chinese ancient ceramics. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) combined with Optical microscope (OM), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is used to analyze the Iron rich porcelain dated to Jin and Yuan dynasty and excavated from Qingliangsi site in Baofeng County, Henan Province. The structure of iron rich glaze, the phase information of crystal and chemical composition of glaze and body are obtained, and the relationship between the OCT image and microstructure of section of glaze layer and the firing process of iron rich porcelain are discussed. The results show thatthe surfaces of sauce glazed porcelain, persimmon leaf red glazed porcelain and the red spot area of black glaze existiron-rich crystal layer, but from the surface of black glaze we have not found the existence of iron-rich crystal layer. ε-Fe2O3 is the main iron oxide in iron-rich crystal layer of sauce glaze layer, while α-Fe2O3 is the main one in persimmon leaf red glaze layer, and thered spot area of black porcelain has all of ε-Fe2O3, α-Fe2O3 and magnetite. The reasons for the above differences are related to thechemical composition of glaze and the firing process. It is easier for the area of high content alkaline-earth metallic oxide andiron oxide in glaze layer to precipitate iron oxide crystal. And the firing atmosphere of black-glazed porcelain is reducing condition, while sauce glazed porcelain and persimmon leaf red glazed porcelain are inclined to oxidizing condition. Moreover, the firing temperature of persimmon leaf red glazed porcelain is higher than that of sauce glazed porcelain. This study combining OCTwith OM, LRS and XRF has great significance for enhancing the overall understanding of iron rich porcelain and providing more abundant clues for confirming the production sites and periods of iron rich porcelain.