Reconstruction of cropland area in the European part of Tsarist Russia from 1696 to 1914 based on historical documents

Zhilong ZHAO; Xiuqi FANG; Yu YE; Chengpeng ZHANG; Diyang ZHANG

doi:10.1007/s11442-020-1783-y

Journals >Journal of Geographical Sciences >Volume 30 >Issue 8 >Page 1307 > Article

Journal of Geographical Sciences
Vol. 30, Issue 8, 1307 (2020)

Reconstruction of cropland area in the European part of Tsarist Russia from 1696 to 1914 based on historical documents

Zhilong ZHAO^1、2, Xiuqi FANG¹, Yu YE^1、*, Chengpeng ZHANG¹, and Diyang ZHANG¹

Author Affiliations

¹Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

²Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

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DOI: 10.1007/s11442-020-1783-y Cite this Article

Zhilong ZHAO, Xiuqi FANG, Yu YE, Chengpeng ZHANG, Diyang ZHANG. Reconstruction of cropland area in the European part of Tsarist Russia from 1696 to 1914 based on historical documents[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(8): 1307 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. Location of the study area and the provincial-level units of ETR in 1900. The provincial boundary of ETR is cited from Gilbert (2012).

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$Changes in cropland area, fractional cropland area and per capita cropland area of ETR during 1696-1914$

Fig. 2. Changes in cropland area, fractional cropland area and per capita cropland area of ETR during 1696-1914

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$Distribution of the provincial fractional cropland area in ETR during 1719-1914$

Fig. 3. Distribution of the provincial fractional cropland area in ETR during 1719-1914

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$Changes of the provincial fractional cropland area in ETR during 1719-1914$

Fig. 4. Changes of the provincial fractional cropland area in ETR during 1719-1914

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Fig. 5. Comparison of cropland area and per capita cropland area in ETR between this study and HYDE 3.2 from 1696 to 1914

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Time period	Data content
1696, 1725, 1763, 1796, 1856	Total cropland area, total land area, total population
1795	Total land area
1887, 1914	Fractional cropland area, total land area
1719, 1795, 1856, 1914	Provincial population, sub-regional grain yield per unit area, provincial land area
1711-1735, 1801-1810, 1851-1860, 1909-1913	Total population
	Rural food and feed consumption, urban food and feed consumption, food exports, military food and feed consumption, food consumption in wine-making industry, seed consumption

Table 1.

The data of ETR used in this study

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	Region
Time		the black soil region in the central ETR	surrounding area of the Volga River and the vicinity of Ural	new Russia region	north Caucasus region
	1678-1782	63	27
	1782-1858		96.8	151
	1870-1915		43.8	137.8	198.3

Table 2.

The number of migrants to different regions in ETR from 1678 to 1915 (10⁴ people)

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Index	Time	Region	Values in this study (V_s)	Values in other literature (V_l)	Difference(D_i)
Fractional cropland area	1696	ETR	7.80%	7.90% (Tsvetkov, 1957)	0.10 percentiles
	18th century	Nizhni Novgorod	32.41%	32.30% (Kukushkina et al., 2018)	-0.11 percentiles
	18th century	Tver	16.79%	15% (Karimov and Nosova, 1999)	-1.79 percentiles
	18th century	Ryazan	27.93%	29.65% (Matasov, 2016)	1.72 percentiles
	1795	Yaroslavl, Vladimir and Ryazan	42.73% (Yaroslavl)37.00% (Vladimir)42.47% (Ryazan)	20%-75% (Alyabina et al., 2015)	-
	1795	Chernigov	61.28%	60% -75% (James and French, 1983)	-
	1796	ETR	16.80%	16.70% (Tsvetkov, 1957)	-0.10 percentiles
	1914	Estonia	26.26%	25% (Tomson et al., 2015) - 31% (Poska et al., 2014)	-
		Lithuania	49.54%	43.62% (Li, 1981)	-5.92 percentiles
		Latvia	34.46%	32.31% (Li, 1981)	-2.15 percentiles
Per capita food and feed consumption	1856	ETR	345.15 kg	349.88kg (Mironov, 2012)	1.37%
Cropland area	1914	Kherson	48889.10 km²	46684.70 km² (Kondratieff, 2017)	-4.51%
		Saratov	29348.85 km²	28229.00 km²(Mironov, 2012)	-3.82%
		European Russia	97.62 (10⁴ km²)	69.80-104.70 (10⁴ km²) * (Li, 1981)	-
		Ukraine	32.23 (10⁴ km²)	27.95-41.93 (10⁴ km²) * (Li, 1981)	-
		Moldova	2.90 (10⁴ km²)	2.07-3.11 (10⁴ km²) * (Li, 1981)	-
		Belarus	5.55 (10⁴ km²)	4.54-6.81(10⁴ km²) * (Li, 1981)	-
		ETR	1473955.78 km²	1449663.45 km²(Kondratieff, 2017)	-1.65%

Table 3.

Differences of fractional cropland area, per capita food and feed consumption, and cropland area in ETR from 1696 to 1914 between this study and other studies

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