Through the method of multi-layer phase screen, a large number of numerical simulations have been carried out for the laser propagation in the marine atmospheric environment, and 2000 sets of the simulation data of laser initial parameters, atmospheric environmental parameters, atmospheric optical parameters and light field evaluation factors at the receiving surface are obtained. Based on support vector machine, an evaluation method of laser atmospheric propagation efficiency is proposed. By inputting parameters such as initial laser radius, initial laser power, visibility, atmospheric refractive index structure constant and so on, light field evaluation factors such as spot radius, energy circle, and energy circle rate at the receiving surface can be quickly output to realize evaluation of laser atmospheric propagation efficiency. The research results show that the support vector machine can well fit the multiple regression relationship between the input and output, the average relative error between the prediction result and the simulation data is basically below 2%, and the prediction accuracy is high. It is believed that this work can provide a certain theoretical basis for the evaluation of the laser propagation efficiency in the atmospheric environment.