Atmospheric aerosols can affect the earth's clouds and water cycle through sunlight scattering and absorption effects and can also reduce the visibility of cities, leading to frequent haze processes. They are also rich in various chemical substances and can enter the human body and cause harm to human health. This paper analyzes the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of particulate matter in different air pollution processes using the vertical profile data of multiple aerosol lidars and regional air quality monitoring data from 2018 to 2019 in Jining City. The results show that there are certain regional differences in fine particle pollution in Jining City during the summer, and there are mainly two diurnal characteristics. One is that some areas have strong extinction at night and weak extinction in the daytime, mainly because they are affected by the superposition of high humidity and pollution source emissions at night. On the other hand, some areas have relatively strong daytime extinction and no obvious diurnal variation, which is due to less pollution sources and artificial lakes. Moreover, the near-surface aerosol extinction coefficient variation showed that the concentration of particulate matter near Chenxin Pharmaceutical Station and Jinma Hotel Station was relatively higher. Dust observation results show that the dust weather in Jining city mainly occurs in April and May, and the concentration of particulate matter in the sedimentation process can be as high as 5 times the normal concentration. Additionally, the contrast scanning observation shows that the profile of local pollution is irregular, small in scope, burst and strong in extinction, while the profile of large-scale pollution process is extensive in area, and its extinction gradually increases.