Airglow is an important photochemical phenomenon in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region (MLT region), and O₂ A-band (762 nm) airglow is one of the best observation targets for temperature detection in the MLT region. The radiance data of O₂ A-band night airglow observed by the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS) in 2008 were used to study the global spatial and temporal distribution of the night airglow. For the altitude-quarter distribution of night airglow radiance in different latitudes, the results indicated that the highest radiance of O₂ A-band night airglow existed near the altitude of 95 km. In contrast, the seasonal variations of O₂ A-band night airglow in the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere were opposite. To be specific, the highest radiance appeared in the second and third quarters in the Northern Hemisphere but in the first and fourth quarters in the Southern Hemisphere. The latitude-longitude distribution of night airglow radiance in different quarters shows that the longitudinal distribution of O₂ A-band night airglow is relatively uniform, while the latitudinal distribution fluctuates widely. The latitude region of the highest radiance varies in different quarters. The above results are consistent with those in the relevant literature, which prove the correctness of our results. Furthermore, the analysis of the seasonal variation law of airglow and its influencing factors reveals that the distribution of night airglow has an annual reciprocating trend. The spatial and temporal distributions of O₂ A-band night airglow are of great significance for further research on instrument design.