Author Affiliations
1Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China3State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Distribution of the first ±9 OZP terms.
Fig. 2. Layout of the NA 0.93 optical system.
Fig. 3. Birefringence map. (a) Element 1, RMS value is 0.54 nm/cm and PV value is 1.16 nm/cm; (b) element 11, RMS value is 0.52 nm/cm and PV value is 1.26 nm/cm; (c) element 17, RMS value is 0.61 nm/cm and PV value is 1.49 nm/cm.
Fig. 4. OZP coefficients of elements 1, 11, and 17.
Fig. 5. Retardation pupil before optimization. (a) Field 1, RMS value is 7.80 nm; (b) field 2, RMS value is 7.07 nm; (c) field 3, RMS value is 6.29 nm.
Fig. 6. OZP coefficients of the retardation pupil before optimization.
Fig. 7. Retardation pupil after optimization. (a) Field 1, RMS value is 2.25 nm; (b) field 2, RMS value is 2.45 nm; (c) field 3, RMS value is 2.77 nm.
Fig. 8. OZP coefficients of the retardation pupil after optimization.
Fig. 9. Comparison of convergence between the PSO and NLS methods.
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1 | | 4 | | | | | | 2 | | 5 | | | | | | 3 | | 6 | | | | | |
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Table 1. First ±6 Terms of OZP
Parameter | Specification |
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Central wavelength | 193.368 nm | NA | 0.93 | Magnification | | Object height | 56 mm | Resolution | 65 nm | Element number | 22 |
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Table 2. Projection Lens Parameters
Element number | Rotation angle (°) | Element number | Rotation angle (°) |
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1 | −122.4877 | 12 | −28.1719 | 2 | 151.9301 | 13 | −130.8673 | 3 | −18.5576 | 14 | 98.6486 | 4 | −58.0564 | 15 | 163.6454 | 5 | −166.2842 | 16 | 81.236 | 6 | 18.6296 | 17 | 53.6626 | 7 | −40.8166 | 18 | −41.0608 | 8 | 22.0181 | 19 | 139.3792 | 9 | −26.4504 | 20 | −102.1568 | 10 | −8.5624 | 21 | 161.3852 | 11 | 163.3315 | 22 | 135.8173 |
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Table 3. Rotation Angles for Each Lens Element After Optimization