Fig. 1. Global seasonal average and annual average surface reflectance of 1572 nm. (a) Average surface reflectance of 1572 nm in spring; (b) average surface reflectance of 1572 nm in summer; (c) average surface reflectance of 1572 nm in autumn; (d) average surface reflectance of 1572 nm in winter; (e) annual average surface reflectance of 1572 nm

Fig. 2. Global seasonal average and annual average AOD of 1572 nm. (a) Average AOD of 1572 nm in spring; (b) average AOD of 1572 nm in summer; (c) average AOD of 1572 nm in autumn; (d) average AOD of 1572 nm in winter; (e) annual average AOD of 1572 nm

Fig. 3. Global distributions of on-line and off-line echo power. (a) On-line single-pulse echo power; (b) off-line single-pulse echo power

Fig. 4. Global distributions of lidar signal-to-noise ratio. (a) On-line output signal-to-noise ratio; (b) off-line output signal-to-noise ratio

Fig. 5. Global distribution of relative random error

Table 1. Parameters used in simulation

Table 2. Variation range of main parameters in different seasons