• Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications
  • Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2023002 (2023)
Haitao Zhang1, Yuqiang Li1,2,*, Zhulian Li1,2, Xiaoyu Pi1..., Yongzhang Yang1 and Rufeng Tang1|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1Group of Applied Astronomy, Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Space Object & Debris Observation, PMO, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China
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    DOI: 10.1051/jeos/2023002 Cite this Article
    Haitao Zhang, Yuqiang Li, Zhulian Li, Xiaoyu Pi, Yongzhang Yang, Rufeng Tang. Space Debris Laser Ranging with range-gate-free Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector[J]. Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications, 2023, 19(1): 2023002 Copy Citation Text show less
    The process of each pulse for DLR in normal mode.
    Fig. 1. The process of each pulse for DLR in normal mode.
    The process of each pulse for DLR in range-gate-free mode.
    Fig. 2. The process of each pulse for DLR in range-gate-free mode.
    The DLR data in normal mode and range-gate-free mode. (a) The DLR data in normal mode. (b) The DLR data in range-gate-free mode.
    Fig. 3. The DLR data in normal mode and range-gate-free mode. (a) The DLR data in normal mode. (b) The DLR data in range-gate-free mode.
    Comparison of normal mode and range-gate-free mode.
    Fig. 4. Comparison of normal mode and range-gate-free mode.
    The DLR data, the TB and RB of the orbital prediction are relatively large. (a) The TB of the orbital prediction is 246 ms. (b) The RB of the orbital prediction is 1355.5 m.
    Fig. 5. The DLR data, the TB and RB of the orbital prediction are relatively large. (a) The TB of the orbital prediction is 246 ms. (b) The RB of the orbital prediction is 1355.5 m.
    The DLR data, the target was invisible at that time.
    Fig. 6. The DLR data, the target was invisible at that time.
    Diagram of the DLR system.
    Fig. 7. Diagram of the DLR system.
    The success probability of DLR with different sizes and ranges. (a) 2 × 2 SNSPD array and (b) 4 × 4 SNSPD array.
    Fig. 8. The success probability of DLR with different sizes and ranges. (a) 2 × 2 SNSPD array and (b) 4 × 4 SNSPD array.
    The echo rate statistics for different targets. (a) 2 × 2 SNSPD array and (b) 4 × 4 SNSPD array.
    Fig. 9. The echo rate statistics for different targets. (a) 2 × 2 SNSPD array and (b) 4 × 4 SNSPD array.
    NotationValuesParameters
    Et400–3000 mJLaser single-pulse energy, generally using 400 mJ
    ft100 HzLaser repetition rate, laser power is 40–300 W
    wp6.7 nsLaser pulse width
    hc/λ, λ = 1064 nmPhoton energy, λ is laser wavelength
    ηt0.60Transmitting optical system efficiency
    θd3Gaussian beam divergence half angle
    θp2Laser beam pointing error
    θj2RMS (Root Mean Square) tracking mount jitter
    Arπ(d/2)2, d = 1.2 mTelescope receive area
    ηr0.40Receiving optical system efficiency
    ηc~32% @ 2 × 2, ~80% @ 4 × 4Detection efficiency, ~10% @ each pixel
    τ~200 psDetector response time
    trt~500 nsRecovery time
    ndcr<1 kHz/pixelDark count rate
    Ta0.60One way atmospheric transmission
    Tc1.00One way cirrus cloud transmission
    θr10Receiving view angle
    q10 nmBandwidth of filter
    Nn~3.4 × 1019Sky brightness of moonless night, unit: cps/(m2 × steradian)
    Nt~1023Target brightness, unit: cps/(m2 × steradian)
    Table 1. Parameters and values of the system.
    Haitao Zhang, Yuqiang Li, Zhulian Li, Xiaoyu Pi, Yongzhang Yang, Rufeng Tang. Space Debris Laser Ranging with range-gate-free Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector[J]. Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications, 2023, 19(1): 2023002
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