Deep space exploration refers to the exploration of the moon and the celestial bodies or space environment beyond the moon. The field of deep space exploration is an important part in implement strategy of space power, and is also one of the signature field of the spaceflight. This paper summarizes the development of deep space explorations in the past 60 years, highlights the achievements and future development trends of deep space exploration in China. According to Chinese Lunar Exploration Program(CLEP) and the first Mars exploration missions, the key technical breakthrough in these task were analyzed. Breakthrough, focusing on the follow-up mission planning of lunar and deep space exploration, discussed the key technologies of missions such as the establishment of lunar research station, asteroid exploration, Mars sampling return and Jupiter system exploration. On this basis, it summarizes the development route of China''s deep space exploration technology and the key technologies that need to be studied and overcome in the future.