[1] A. Villringer, B. Chance, "Non-invasive optical spectroscopy and imaging of human brain function," Trends Neurosci. 20, 435–442 (1997).

[2] Y. Hoshi, "Functional near-infrared spectroscopy: Current status and future prospects," J. Biomed. Opt. 12, 062106 (2007).

[3] G. Yu, T. Durdurn, C. Zhou et al., "Noninvasive monitoring of murine tumor blood flow during and after photodynamic therapy provides early assessment of therapeutic efficacy," Clin. Cancer Res. 11, 3543–3552 (2005).

[4] T. Li, Y. Lin, Y. Shang et al., "Simultaneous measurement of deep tissue blood flow and oxygenation using noncontact diffuse correlation spectroscopy flow-oximeter," Sci. Rep. 3, 1358 (2013).

[5] T. Li, Q. Luo, H. Gong, "Gender-specific hemodynamics in prefrontal cortex during a verbal working memory task by near-infrared spectroscopy," Behav. Brain Res. 209, 148–153 (2010).

[6] Y. Shang, T. Li, L. Chen, Y. Lin, M. Toborek, G. Yu, "Extraction of diffuse correation spectroscopy flow index by integration of Nth-order linear model with Monte Carlo simulatiion," Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 193703 (2014).

[7] Y. Fukui, Y. Ajichi, E. Okada, "Monte Carlo prediction of near-infrared light propagation in realistic adult and neonatal head models," Appl. Opt. 42, 2881–2887 (2003).

[8] E. Okada, D. T. Delpy, "Near-infrared light propagation in an adult head model. I. Modeling of lowlevel scattering in the cerebrospinal fluid layer," Appl. Opt. 42, 2906–2914 (2003).

[9] Y. Ogoshi, E. Okada, "Analysis of light propagation in a realistic head model by a hybrid method for optical brain function measurement," Opt. Rev. 12, 264–269 (2005).

[10] E. Okada, M. Firbank, M. Schweiger, S. R. Arridge, M. Cope, D. T. Delpy, "Theoretical and experimental investigation of near-infrared light propagation in a model of the adult head," Appl. Opt. 36, 21–31 (1997).

[11] G. Strangman, M. A. Franceschini, D. A. Boas, "Factors affecting the accuracy of near-infrared spectroscopy concentration calculations for focal changes in oxygenation parameters," NeuroImage 18, 865–879 (2003).

[12] D. A. Boas, A. M. Dale, "Simulation study of magnetic resonance imaging-guided cortically constrained diffuse optical tomography of human brain function," Appl. Opt. 44, 1957–1968 (2005).

[13] M. Chemseddine, L. H. Jean-Pierre, H. K. Nasser, H. Anne, "Depth sensitivity analysis of functional near-infrared spectroscopy measurement using three-dimensional Monte Carlo modelling-based magnetic resonance imaging," Lasers Med Sci. 25, 431–438 (2010).

[14] C. Chuang, C. Chen, Y. Hsieh, T. Liu, C. Sun, "Brain structure and spatial sensitivity profile assessing by near-infrared spectroscopy modeling based on 3D MRI data," J. Biophotonics 6, 267–274 (2013).

[15] C. Mansouri, N. H. Kashou, "Spatial sensitivity of near-infrared spectroscopic brain imaging based on three-dimensional monte carlo modeling,"Conf. Proc. IEEE. Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 2009, 1457–1460 (2009).

[16] T. Li, H. Gong, Q. Luo, "Visualization of light propagation in visible Chinese human head for functional near-infrared spectroscopy," J. Biomed. Opt. 16, 045001 (2011).

[17] G. Zhang, Q. Luo, S. Zeng, Q. Liu, "The development and application of the visible Chinese human model for Monte Carlo dose calculations," Health Phys. 94, 118–125 (2008).

[18] D. Han and Q. Liu, Available at: http:// 202.114.29.53/VCH/Humen/index.aspx (2005).

[19] S. X. Zhang, P. A. Heng, Z. J. Liu, L. W. Tan, M. G. Qiu, Q. Y. Li, R. X. Liao, K. Li, G. Y. Cui, Y. L. Guo, X. P. Yang, G. J. Liu, J. L. Shan, J. J. Liu, W. G. Zhang, X. H. Chen, J. H. Chen, J. Wang, W. Chen, M. Lu, J. You, X. L. Pang, H. Xiao, Y. M. Xie, J. C. Cheng, "The Chinese Visible Human (CVH) datasets incorporate technical and imaging advances on earlier digital humans," J. Anat. 204, 165–173 (2004).

[20] A. Li, Q. Liu, S. Zeng, L. Tang, S. Zhong, Q. Luo, "Construction and Visualization of high-resolution three-dimensional anatomical structure datasets for Chinese digital human," Chin. Sci. Bull. 53, 1848– 1854 (2008).

[21] I. G. Zubal, C. R. Harrell, E. O. Smith, Z. Rattner, G. Gindi, P. B. Hoffer, "Computerized three-dimensional segmented human anatomy," Med. Phys. 21, 299–302 (1994).

[22] V. Toronov, E. D'Amico, D. Hueber, E. Gratton, B. Barbieri, A. Webb, "Optimization of the signalto- noise ratio of frequency-domain instrumentation for near-infrared spectro-imaging of the human brain," Opt. Express 11, 2717–2729 (2003).

[23] Yale Medicine School, Available at http://noodle. med.yale.edu/phantom/getmridesc.htm

[24] W. F. Cheong, S. A. Prahl, A. J. Welch, "A review of the optical properties of biological tissues," IEEE J. Quantum. Electron. 26, 2166–2185 (1990).

[25] A. N. Yaroslavsky, P. C. Schulze, I. V. Yaroslavsky, "Optical properties of selected native and coagulated human brain tissues in vitro in the visible and near infrared spectral range," Phys. Med. Biol. 47, 2059–2073 (2002).

[26] E. Okada, D. T. Delpy, "Near-infrared light propagation in an adult head model. II. Effect of superficial tissue thickness on the sensitivity of the near-infrared spectroscopy signal," Appl. Opt. 42, 2915–2922 (2003).

[27] T. Li, Q. Luo, H. Gong, "MCVM: Monte Carlo modeling of photon migration in voxelized media," J. Innov. Opt. Health. Sci. 3, 91–102 (2010).