Based on lidar observational data of atmospheric particulate matter, ground monitoring station data, and wind field data measured by an ultrasonic anemometer on a tower (later referred to as tower wind field data), a pollution process that occurred from January 16 to 18, 2018 in the northern Zhejiang Province and its characteristics were comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the pollution process is primarily caused by regional pollutant transport. The lidar results show that pollutants in northwest cities begin to be transported to Ningbo via a northwest wind at 12:00 on January 16, causing the concentration of particulate matter to increase rapidly. The wind direction switches to a weaker southern wind at 18:00 on January 17, resulting in the dissipation of the pollutants. The 532 nm range-square-corrected signal is in agreement with the variation trend of the near-ground pollutant concentration; the depolarization ratio and wavelength dependence show that the pollutants at a height of 0.5-1 km and those near the ground are of two different types. The results of the HYSPLIT backward trajectory model show that the polluted air mass comes from the northwest city of Ningbo and is transported at a high speed, consistent with results analyzed from the tower wind field data. Therefore, the lidar observational results can effectively characterize the spatial distribution and evolution of the particulate matter concentration and provide a theoretical basis for air pollution monitoring and early warning systems.