To overcome current hardware limitations related to baseline distance and focal length, this paper proposes a method for improving the ranging accuracy of binocular systems using super-resolution imaging based on binocular zoom. The zoom system achieves super-resolution reconstruction, improving the imaging resolution of the binocular system, and consequently, improving the ranging capability and decreasing the relative ranging error, without altering the remaining hardware components. Experimental results reveal that the binocular zoom ranging system has a smaller relative ranging error at the same distance; moreover, the binocular zoom ranging system has a greater range while keeping the relative ranging error constant. The binocular stereo vision system with synchronous zoom can improve the imaging and ranging resolutions of three-dimensional scenes and provides a novel and effective way of building a small long-distance binocular ranging system.