Author Affiliations
1Institute of Intelligent Optical Measurement and Detection, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong , China2College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong , Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of serial camera network based on displacement transmission
Fig. 2. Sketch map of camera network basic configuration
Fig. 3. Numerical simulation procedure of camera network
Fig. 4. Statistical results of camera network basic configuration. (a) Average value; (b) root mean square error
Fig. 5. Influence of camera station number on transmission error
Fig. 6. Influence of subsidence amplitude and inclination angle on transmission error
Fig. 7. Influence of benchmark position on transmission error. (a) Root mean square error; (b) condition number of survey matrix (color of grid in picture represents magnitude of corresponding dependent variable. Magnitude that color represents corresponds to color bar on right side of picture)
Fig. 8. Influence of distance between camera station and benchmark position (D1) on transmission error. (a) Changing distance between camera station and benchmark position on one side of network; (b) changing distance between camera station and benchmark position simultaneously on both sides of network
Fig. 9. Sketch map of survey mark distribution between camera stations
Fig. 10. Influence of survey mark position on transmission error. (a) Root mean square error; (b) condition number of survey matrix (color of grid in picture represents magnitude of corresponding dependent variable. Magnitude that color represents corresponds to color bar on right side of picture)
Fig. 11. Influence of survey mark number on transmission error
Fig. 12. Relationship between transmission error and error coefficient of camera network. (a) Influence of benchmark position; (b) influence of survey mark position
Fig. 13. Validation experiment of camera network on long-span cable-stayed bridge
Fig. 14. Monitoring results of cable-stayed bridge camera network with different network configurations (Cf1-Cf6 represent network configurations 1-6 respectively in Table 4)
Parameter | Notation | Value |
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Number of simulation cycles | | 5104 | Spacing between marks | D | 20 m | Calibration error of scaling factor | εc | 1% | Feature extraction error | εe | 0.5 pixel | Amplitude of subsidence | s | 100 mm | Angle of inclination | θ | 5' |
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Table 1. System parameters of camera network basic configuration
Network configuration | Instruction | 3 camera stations | 5 camera stations | 7 camera stations |
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σ/mm | ∆ /% | σ/mm | ∆ /% | σ/mm | ∆ /% |
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0 | 2 uniformly-spaced survey marks between camera stations | 2.88 | 0 | 5.72 | 0 | 9.15 | 0 | 1 | Set cameras at benchmark on both sides | 0.95 | 67.02 | 5.10 | 10.85 | 8.79 | 3.93 | 2 | 5 uniformly-spaced survey marks between camera stations | 1.59 | 44.80 | 2.87 | 49.79 | 4.46 | 51.22 | 3 | Set survey marks on camera stations | 1.01 | 64.87 | 1.79 | 68.77 | 2.78 | 69.66 | 4 | Configurations 1+3 | 0.66 | 76.91 | 1.63 | 71.57 | 2.62 | 71.33 | 5 | Configurations 2+3 | 1.02 | 64.40 | 1.72 | 70.01 | 2.57 | 71.95 | 6 | Configurations 1+2+3 | 0.59 | 79.44 | 1.48 | 74.08 | 2.40 | 73.83 |
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Table 2. Comparison of camera network optimization with different camera stations
Resolution /pixel | Frame rate /(frame·s-1) | Sensor | Pixel size /μm | Focal length /mm |
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24482048 | 36 | 2/3",Sony IMX264 | 3.453.45 | 400 |
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Table 3. Parameters of experimental camera
Configuration | Instruction | σ/mm |
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1 | Set marks on benchmarks;2 marks between stations | 10.14 | 2 | Set marks on benchmarks;3 marks between stations | 9.41 | 3 | Set cameras on benchmarks;2 marks between stations | 3.13 | 4 | Set cameras on benchmarks;3 marks between stations | 2.58 | 5 | Set cameras on benchmarks;2 marks between stations; set marks on stations | 3.07 | 6 | Set cameras on benchmarks;3 marks between stations; set marks on stations | 2.11 |
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Table 4. Bridge monitoring results of different error suppression methods