Trace detection of genetic tumor marker microRNA (miRNA) has important application value for early diagnosis of cancer. According to the Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering characteristics of hollow sea urchin gold nanoparticles and Ag/ZnO nanostructures, and based on the principle of complementary base pairing, a "sandwich" structure of probe-nucleic acid-substrate is constructed and a highly sensitive quantitative detection scheme for genetic tumor marker miRNA is proposed. First, the captured DNA is linked to the hollow sea urchin gold nanoparticles modified with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) as a probe. At the same time, the target DNA is modified on the Ag/ZnO nanostructure, and the SERS signal is detected to obtain the corresponding dose-response curve after complementary hybridization with miRNA-106a. The experimental results show that the detection limit of miRNA-106a reached 1.84 fmol·L^-1 within the detection range of 1 fmol·L^-1~1 nmol·L^-1. Meanwhile, the reliability of the miRNA detection scheme based on the hollow sea urchin gold nanoparticles and Ag/ZnO nano-structure SERS characteristics was verified by the Real-time quantitative Polynucleotide Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) method.