Fig. 1. Architecture of the generative network
Fig. 2. Illustration of the multi-scale feature extraction block
Fig. 3. Illustration of the residual-and-densely-connected block
Fig. 4. Architecture of the discriminative network
Fig. 5. Dehazing results of the synthetic hazy images. (a) Hazy image; (b) DCP; (c) FVR; (d) BCCR; (e) GRM; (f) CAP; (g) NLD; (h) DehazeNet; (i) MSCNN; (j) AOD-Net; (k) proposed method; (l) haze-free image
Fig. 6. Dehazing results of the real-world hazy images. (a) Hazy image; (b) DCP; (c) FVR; (d) BCCR; (e) GRM; (f) CAP; (g) NLD; (h) DehazeNet; (i) MSCNN; (j) AOD-Net; (k) proposed method
Quality metric | DCP | FVR | BCCR | GRM | CAP | NLD | DehazeNet | MSCNN | AOD-Net | Proposed |
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PSNR/dB | 16.62 | 15.72 | 16.88 | 18.86 | 19.05 | 17.29 | 21.14 | 17.57 | 19.06 | 25.08 | SSIM | 0.8179 | 0.7483 | 0.7913 | 0.8553 | 0.8364 | 0.7489 | 0.8472 | 0.8102 | 0.8504 | 0.9468 |
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Table 1. Comparison of full-reference quality metrics tested on synthetic hazy images
Quality metric | DCP | FVR | BCCR | GRM | CAP | NLD | DehazeNet | MSCNN | AOD-Net | Proposed |
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SSEQ | 64.94 | 67.75 | 65.83 | 63.30 | 64.69 | 67.46 | 65.46 | 65.31 | 67.65 | 68.07 | BLIINDS-II | 74.41 | 75.63 | 74.45 | 73.46 | 73.41 | 74.85 | 71.71 | 74.34 | 79.02 | 81.96 |
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Table 2. Comparison of no-reference quality metrics tested on synthetic hazy images
Hazedensity | Qualitymetric | DCP | FVR | BCCR | GRM | CAP | NLD | Dehaze-Net | MSCNN | AOD-Net | Ourproposed |
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Light hazeβ∈[0.6,0.9] | PSNR /dB | 16.10 | 17.18 | 16.91 | 18.64 | 20.88 | 17.52 | 24.24 | 19.72 | 22.40 | 26.11 | SSIM | 0.8158 | 0.7682 | 0.7978 | 0.8528 | 0.8597 | 0.7558 | 0.9044 | 0.8489 | 0.8980 | 0.9579 | Medium hazeβ∈[1.0,1.4] | PSNR /dB | 16.58 | 16.00 | 17.07 | 18.74 | 19.68 | 17.37 | 22.02 | 17.25 | 19.61 | 24.95 | SSIM | 0.8210 | 0.7538 | 0.7942 | 0.8576 | 0.8450 | 0.7487 | 0.8870 | 0.8110 | 0.8616 | 0.9472 | Heavy hazeβ∈[1.5,1.8] | PSNR /dB | 17.15 | 14.42 | 17.14 | 19.11 | 17.21 | 17.06 | 18.67 | 15.10 | 16.16 | 24.40 | SSIM | 0.8259 | 0.7289 | 0.7906 | 0.8555 | 0.8120 | 0.7438 | 0.8454 | 0.7723 | 0.8064 | 0.9381 |
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Table 3. Comparison of full-reference quality metrics tested on synthetic hazy images with different haze concentration levels
Quality metric | DCP | FVR | BCCR | GRM | CAP | NLD | DehazeNet | MSCNN | AOD-Net | Proposed |
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SSEQ | 68.65 | 67.75 | 66.63 | 70.19 | 67.67 | 67.96 | 68.34 | 68.44 | 70.05 | 69.99 | BLIINDS-II | 69.35 | 72.10 | 68.55 | 79.60 | 63.55 | 70.80 | 60.35 | 62.65 | 74.75 | 82.25 |
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Table 4. Comparison of no-reference quality metrics tested on real-world hazy images