In this paper, the lead glass filled ruby is the main study object and the characteristics of filling amount were studied. Its conventional gemological parameters were tested, including refractive index, polarization, ultraviolet fluorescence, visible spectrum, etc. At the same time, the characteristics of the filling quantity were studied using the microphotography, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and infrared spectrometer. The average results were obtained through multiple tests. Based on analysis, the filled samples’ gemstones parameters were consistent with the natural rubies’. Excepting a few showing all light in polarization tests that associated with fillings focused on mesa distribution. The X-ray fluorescence spectrometer showed that the lead peak was high and shape was stinging, indicating the fillings was large and obvious. At the same time, the internal and external characteristics of the quantity of fillings of all samples were studied by using microscopic magnification, and the comparison research could be made to distinguish the quantity of fillings of some samples. It was found that the internal and external characteristics of the filling were the dotted, linear and reticulate structure and pits; a single or group of bubbles; the filling of a fog-shaped structure formed along the fissure surface; the blue flash effect and filling hole, and the more filling volume is, the more obvious the filling characteristics are. By comparing the size, shape and quantity of surface filling cracks; Bubbles’ size and shape; the obvious degree of the distribution area of the yellow fillings under the diffuse reflection illumination can distinguish the different filling amount of different samples. Infrared spectrum testing shows that the main peaks are 2 920, 3 424, 2 600 and 2 851 cm-1. The 2 920 cm-1 is for diaspora, andthe 2 851 cm-1 is for the other inclusion, and 2 600 and 3424 cm-1 are for typical indicated peaks of the lead glass fillings. Among them, 3 424 cm-1 is the vibration absorption peak of the water molecule, and the 2 600 cm-1 is the absorption peak of Si—OH. If the 2 600 cm-1 is taken as an example, the quantities of the fillings are different, and the intensity of peak shape and height is also different. Meanwhile taking the peak at 2 600 cm-1 as criterion, it is concluded the different values of peak height’ histogram with the value of peak height is proportional to the quantity of fillings, so the histogram can indicate the variable quantity of glass fillings. By comparing the samples, the peak of R-6 is lower than R-3, and R-3 is lower than R-5, and the peak of R-5 is the highest, and illustrating quantities of fillings of R-6 is least, and R-5 is the most. This is in line with most of the results of the microphotography. Through the above research and analysis, lead glass fillings mainly do not affect the ruby gemological parameters, but the distribution of internal and external filling characteristics can basically distinguish the differences of filling quantities, but for samples with very serious fillings, it has limitation. The infrared spectrum makes up for this defect to some extent, and can distinguish the small difference between the filling quantities by the peak height calculation of the filling point peak. This also lays a foundation for the quantitative classification of lead glass filled rubies.