The factors that affect turbulence and space-time structure are comparatively complex, the distribution of average stream and atmospheric temperature is not uniform. Especially, the vertical distribution of temperature decides caloric instability in vertical and size of turbulence. It is shown by observated results that the vertical profile of temperature T is changed by the different season and weather condition. The vertical profile of temperature and mode error is gained with balloon borne instrument in Hefei (0～20 km). The atmospheric structure of refractive index C2n is a important parameter denoting turbulence. But, measuring of atmospheric refractive index is quite difficult, so usually the variation of temperature is measured and C2n is gained by average temperature and air pressure. An anslysis of mode error of temperature and air pressure is performed for the mode error of C2n. An analysis is performed for the vertical distribution of temperature T and the mode error. Also, the relationship of C2n and temperature T is discussed. And the effect of counting structure constant of refractive index C2n by mode error is also discussed.