Aiming at the problems of large path loss and difficult site selection of ultraviolet non-line-of-sight communication in rugged terrain environment, a method for solving the optimal receiving and transmitting elevation angles of ultraviolet non-line-of-sight transmission based on a digital elevation model (DEM) is proposed. Based on the ultraviolet non-line-of-sight single scattering model, the relationship between path loss and receiving and transmitting elevation angles is studied. Aiming at the original DEM data of different terrains, the resolution is improved by interpolation, and the tangent transmission scheme is proposed. The influences of the positions and elevation changes of the receiver and transmitter on the path loss of the communication system are studied by using the sequential traversal method. The simulation results show that the path loss is an increasing function of the receiving and transmitting elevation angles in the range of [10°,80°]. After using the inverse distance weighted interpolation method to improve the data resolution, the path loss is reduced by 0.014 dB, 0.043 dB, and 0.385 dB, respectively, compared with the original data. When it is arranged according to the tangent transmission scheme, the path loss of the communication system is minimal, and the designed simulation program can provide support for the scientific layout of the receiving and transmitting stations.