For the most commonly used Mie scattering laser radar in the environmental field, through the process discussion of the inversion of aerosol optical characteristics, we analyze the uncertain factors which affect the accuracy of inversion results. The result shows that in order to obtain the results with high stability and reliable detection, the system use a reasonable signal denoising method to set up accumulative frequency, signal denoising method, aerosol extinction backscatter ratio, calibration height and calibration value. In addition, the system needs to calibrate the inversion algorithm regularly, including geometric overlap factor calibration, balloon borne extinction instrument calibration, Rayleigh scattering calibration, visibility meter calibration, sun photometer calibration, humidity calibration, particle concentration calibration and so on. With this series of configuration and calibration, multiple lidars data can achieve high consistency and accuracy.