With the rapid development of semiconductor growth technology and packaging technology, the performance of high power and high brightness semiconductor lasers has been continuously improved, which plays an important role in industrial processing, biomedical, national defense, as well as pumping source of fiber lasers and solid-state lasers. In recent years, the power and beam quality of side-emitting semiconductors have been improved, which makes the output power coupled to optical fibers continuously improve. The output of fiber coupled single emitter has been gradually improved from milliwatt to tens of watts, even hundreds of watts through polarization, spectrum or space combining technology. In the field of stacked array or multi-linear array fiber coupled laser, the output has also been improved from tens of watts level to tens of kilowatts level. Starting from three kinds of semiconductor lasers including single emitter, linear array and stacked array, the development status and technology of semiconductor lasers are investigated and analyzed, and the various shaping, bunching and coupling technology of fiber-coupled semiconductor lasers are also summarized and prospected.