The wave-particle duality is a basic concept in quantum mechanics and Anderson localization is an important phenomenon in condensed matter physics. Inspired by the wave-particle duality of photon in a two-arm interferometer, distinguishability D and visibility V are explored for an electron in one-dimensional random potential model with long-range hopping. We find that D2 is less than, equal to, and greater than V2 corresponding for delocalized, critical, and localized states, respectively. In this sense, the Anderson transition can be viewed as a transition from relatively more particle-like behavior to relatively more wavelike ones. This result gives a novel view to understand the wave-particle duality and Anderson localization.