Author Affiliations
State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Schematic of phase modulation optical phased array (OPA)
Fig. 2. Schematic of grating coupler for beam scanning
Fig. 3. Schematic of OPA integrated with on-chip laser
Fig. 4. (a) Schematic of large-scale nanophotonic phased array, the inset is close-up view of one antenna unit; (b) scanning electron microscope (SEM) of part of whole structure; (c) close-up SEM of one antenna unit
Fig. 5. Over arrangement of fully integrated beam scanner
Fig. 6. Schematic of hybrid-integrated OPA
Fig. 7. (a) Schematic of solid-state FMCW lidar system; (b) lidar chiplet on top of one dime; (c) optical micrograph of device
Fig. 8. (a) Schematic of simplified structure of device; (b) optical microscope image of star coupler;(c) tilted SEM image of emitter with removed cladding, the inset is schematic of emitter at a different angle
Fig. 9. Typical directional antenna radiation pattern in polar coordinate
Fig. 10. (a) Schematic of silicon nanophotonic coherent imager (NCI); (b) micro-photograph of NIC implemented by standard IME silicon-on-insulator process
Ref. | Lasersource | Total number ofwaveguides | Wavelength /nm | Scanningangle /(°) | Beam width /(°)(steered axis) | Beam width /(°)(non-steered axis) |
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[21] | Off-chip | 12 | 1550 | 10.2 | - | - | [22] | Off-chip | 16 | 1550 | 23 | 1.27 | - | [23] | On-chip | 8 | ≈1594 | 12 | 1.8 | 0.6 | [24] | Off-chip | 16 | 1550 | 51 | 3.3 | - |
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Table 1. Specifications of one-dimensional scanning phased array
Ref. | Lasersource | Totalnumber ofwaveguides | Wavelength /nm (horizontaldirection) | Beamwidth /(°)(horizontaldirection) | Scanningangle /(°)(horizontaldirection) | Wavelength /nm(verticaldirection) | Scanningangle /(°)(verticaldirection) | Beamwidth /(°)(verticaldirection) |
---|
[28] | Off-chip | 16 | 1550 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 1500-1600 | 14.1 | 2.4-2.8 | [30] | Off-chip | 16 | 1555 | 0.6 | 20 | 1525-1625 | 14 | 1.6 | [31] | Off-chip | 16 | 1500-1600 | 3.5-4.0 | 50 | 1500-1600 | 15 | 3.5-4 | [34] | Off-chip | 8×8 | 1550 | 1.6 | 12 | 1550 | 12 | 1.6 | [35] | On-chip | 16 | 1550 | 1.2 | 20 | 1480-1580 | 15 | 0.5 | [37] | Off-chip | 2×2 | 1550.91 | - | 30 | 1550.91 | 30 | - | [38] | On-chip | 32 | - | 1 | 23 | 1555-1605 | 3.6 | 0.6 | [40] | Off-chip | 4×4 | 1550 | - | 4.93 | 1550 | 4.93 | - | [41] | Off-chip | 50 | 1550 | 0.85 | 46 | 1454-1641 | 36 | 0.18 | [43] | On-chip | 128 | 1300 | 0.14±0.02 | 80 | 1260-1360 | 17 | 0.142±0.005 |
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Table 2. Specifications of two-dimensional scanning phased array