Using the hydraulic column material 45 steel as the substrate and 316 stainless steel cladding powder as the cladding material, we performed laser cladding experiments on the substrate surface to fabricate the 316 stainless steel coating under various process parameters. Then, we used a FANUC CNC machine to complete the turning of the cladding layer and study its macro morphology, chip morphology, surface roughness, cylindricity, Rockwell hardness, and microstructure after turning using digital testing technology. The turning performance of the laser cladding layer on a 45 steel surface was thoroughly analyzed to select the best laser cladding parameters. When the laser power is 800 W, the powder feeding rate is 0.28 g/s, and the axial feed rate is 0.110 mm/s. The cladding layer's macro morphology and turning chip morphology are the best, and the turned surface has the lowest surface roughness and the best cylindricity. The cladding layer's hardness can reach 40.3 HRC, and the internal metallographic structure shows a trend of refinement.The new technology of laser cladding the 316 stainless steel cladding layer on the surface of 45 steel coupled with turning processing can provide an important reference for the high-quality repair and reuse of hydraulic column material 45 steel.