In order to reduce the volume and weight of the hand-held binocular telescope, based on the principle of the single-chip multi-surface optical system, this paper establishes the model of the single-chip multi-surface telescope, constructs the relationship expression between the center thickness and the shielding ratio, obtains the initial structure of the system by calculation, and further optimizes a portable multi-surface reflective telescope. The telescope consists of a single lens, in which the light is reflected for four times in the lens, and each reflecting surface is an even aspheric surface. The working band of the system is visible light band, the magnification is 5×, the base of the lens is PMMA, the diameter is 15 mm, the total length is 5 mm, and the full field of view is 1.15°. The optimized full-field wave aberration of the lens meets the requirements of use, the optical modulation transfer function (MTF) curve is smooth and greater than 0.2 at 60 lp/mm, and the image quality is good. By comparing the optimized system with the traditional Galileo telescope system, it is found that the system meets the market demand for portable telescope systems.